哈囉!我是威威。
這一份是我整理給台灣高中生的教學講義,主題是 「高一英文(下)第一次段考」。
我把很多複雜的專有名詞先丟掉,直接從英文的「骨架」開始:
- 先搞懂:詞性(單字的職業)
- 再搞懂:句型(句子的骨架)
只要這兩個底子穩了,後面不管是時態、關係子句、比較級、素養閱讀的長句,你都會越來越順。
Part 0|使用方式(建議)
- 零基礎或底子不穩:先看 Part 1~Part 3(把骨架補起來)
- 想直接拚段考:先看 Part 4~Part 6(段考卡點與變化題)
- 每一段最後的「小試身手」務必自己先做一遍,再看詳解
Part 1|第一關:認識英文單字的「職業」(四大基本詞性)
就像玩遊戲一樣,每個單字都有自己的「職業」跟「任務」。零基礎的同學先認得這四個最重要的職業就好:
1) 名詞 (Noun, N):宇宙萬物的「名稱」
- 任務:負責當主角(主詞)或接受動作的人事物(受詞)
- 例子:apple, dog, water, teacher, Jerry
2) 動詞 (Verb, V):句子的「靈魂與心跳」
沒有動詞,就沒有完整的句子。
- 一般動詞:表示具體動作(run, eat, laugh)
- Be 動詞:表示「狀態」或「是」(am, is, are)
3) 形容詞 (Adjective, Adj):名詞的「專屬化妝師」
- 任務:只能修飾名詞,告訴你名詞長怎樣
- 例子:a beautiful girl、the hot water
4) 介系詞 (Preposition, Prep):表達「方向與空間」的導航員
- 任務:介系詞後面一定要加上名詞(這是超重要鐵則)
- 例子:in, on, to
Part 2|第二關:英文句子的「骨架」(五大句型的最基礎)
英文句子最基本的結構就是:主詞 + 動詞。
先把前兩個最常用的骨架練熟,你就能看懂英文七成的句子。
骨架一:主詞 + 不及物動詞 (S + Vi)
- 邏輯:主角自己做一個動作就結束,不需要發洩在別人身上
- 例句:The children laughed.
骨架二:主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞 (S + Vt + O)
- 邏輯:主角做一個動作,但必須「對某個東西」做,後面一定要有受詞
- 例句:I love you.
威威防呆小提醒:縮寫 vs. 所有格
很多人會把:
- You’re(You are)跟 Your(你的)搞混
- It’s(It is)跟 Its(它的)搞混
判斷方法:不知道該用哪個時,把它拆成 You are / It is 放回句子看邏輯通不通。
Part 3|小試身手(第一、二關)
- 在 “A cute cat sleeps.” 這句話中,cute 是什麼詞性?
- (A) 名詞 (B) 動詞 (C) 形容詞 (D) 介系詞
- 在 “He drinks hot coffee.” 這句話中,哪一個單字是動詞?
- (A) He (B) drinks (C) hot (D) coffee
- 下列哪一個句子是標準的 S + Vt + O 骨架?
- (A) I run fast.
- (B) She eats an apple.
- (C) They cried.
- 介系詞(in / on / to / for)的後面,按照規定必須接什麼詞性?
- (A) 名詞 (B) 動詞 (C) 形容詞
- 零基礎最容易出錯的陷阱!請選出文法正確的句子:
- (A) Your a good student.
- (B) You’re a good student.
詳解(第一、二關)
- (C) 形容詞:cute 用來描述 cat
- (B) drinks:代表動作
- (B):eats 是及物動詞,an apple 是受詞
- (A) 名詞:介系詞後面要接名詞(或 V-ing 當名詞用)
- (B):You’re = You are,句子才有動詞
Part 4|四階段補救藍圖(整份講義的路線圖)
-
第一階段:生存級別(你已經完成了)
- 四大基本零件(名詞、動詞、形容詞、介系詞)
- 兩個最簡單的骨架(S+Vi, S+Vt+O)
- 現在簡單式
-
第二階段:擴充級別(今天的講義 Part 5)
- 副詞、連接詞
- S + V + C(補語)
- 過去、未來、現在進行式
-
第三階段:轉骨級別(Part 6)
- 一個句子不能有兩個動詞 → To V / V-ing
- 基礎關係代名詞(who/which/that)
- 基礎比較級(-er / more)
-
第四階段:實戰級別(Part 7 之後)
- where/when/what、未來進行式、be used to、雙重比較級…等考點整合
Part 5|第二階段:讓句子變豐富(副詞/連接詞/補語/時態)
你已經能造出像 “I eat apples.” 這種句子了。
但如果想說:
- 我昨天吃
- 我大口地吃
- 因為我很餓所以我吃
就需要「新職業」與「時光機」。
觀念一:解鎖兩個新職業(副詞、連接詞)
副詞 (Adverb, Adv) —— 動詞的專屬特效師
- 任務:修飾動詞,告訴你動作怎麼做、何時做、在哪做
- 例句:He speaks English fluently.(fluently 修飾 speak)
連接詞 (Conjunction, Conj) —— 句子的無敵萬能膠
- 任務:把兩個單字或兩個句子黏在一起
- 常見:and, but, because, so
觀念二:解鎖新骨架(S + V + C)
如果我要說「我很開心」,開心不是動作,是狀態。
- Be 動詞像「等於符號」:把主詞跟狀態連起來
- 補語 (C):放在 Be 動詞後面,補充主詞是誰或什麼狀態
例句:I am happy.(I = happy)
提醒:除了 be,還有連綴動詞 look / sound / taste… 後面也要接形容詞當補語。
例句:The food tastes good.
觀念三:時光機魔法(過去、未來、現在進行式)
- 過去簡單式:V-ed / 不規則變化
- I played basketball yesterday.
- 未來簡單式:will + V
- I will call you later.
- 現在進行式:be + V-ing(缺一不可)
- I am watching TV.
Part 5|小試身手(第二階段)
- 在 “She sings beautifully.” beautifully 是什麼詞性?
- (A) 名詞 (B) 動詞 (C) 形容詞 (D) 副詞
- “I want to play outside, ______ it is raining.”
- (A) and (B) but (C) so
- 套用 S + V + C,請選出正確句子:
- (A) He look happily.
- (B) He looks happy.
- 看到句尾有 yesterday,請選出正確的過去式:
- Tom ______ TV at home yesterday.
- (A) watch (B) watches (C) watched (D) will watch
- 哪一個句子是現在進行式?
- (A) They play basketball every day.
- (B) They will play basketball tomorrow.
- (C) They are playing basketball right now.
詳解(第二階段)
- (D):beautifully 修飾 sing
- (B):前後轉折
- (B):look 是連綴動詞,後面要接形容詞 happy
- (C):yesterday → 過去式
- (C):be + V-ing
Part 6|第三階段:轉骨期(To V / V-ing、比較級、關係代名詞)
觀念一:一山不容二虎(動詞大變身 To V / V-ing)
一個簡單句裡,不能同時出現兩個有「動作功能」的動詞。
想在句子裡放兩個動作,例如「我喜歡看電視」:
-
用連接詞串起來(and)
-
或把第二個動詞變裝成「名詞」:To V 或 V-ing
-
To + V:偏「目的、未來想做」
- I want to play games.
-
V-ing:偏「習慣、享受在其中」
- I enjoy playing games.
觀念二:超級比一比(基礎比較級)
- 短單字:加 -er
- tall → taller
- 長單字:加 more
- expensive → more expensive
- 常搭配:than
- He is taller than me.
觀念三:超長化妝師(基礎關係代名詞 who / which / that)
如果形容詞「很長」(一整句話),英文習慣放在名詞後面,用掛勾掛上去:
- 人:who
- 物/動物:which
- 萬用:that
例句:The boy who is wearing glasses is my brother.
Part 6|小試身手(第三階段)
- 請選出文法正確的句子:
- (A) I enjoy watch movies on weekends.
- (B) I enjoy to watching movies on weekends.
- (C) I enjoy watching movies on weekends.
- Math is ______ than History for me.(difficult 是長單字)
- (A) difficult (B) difficulter (C) more difficult (D) the most difficult
- This book is ______ than that one.(cheap 是短單字)
- (A) cheaper (B) more cheap (C) cheapest (D) as cheap
- The girl ______ talked to me yesterday is my classmate.
- (A) which (B) who (C) where (D) what
- I bought a car ______ runs very fast.
- (A) who (B) which (C) whom (D) what
詳解(第三階段)
- (C):enjoy + V-ing
- (C):more difficult
- (A):cheaper
- (B):人 → who
- (B):物 → which
Part 7|高一下一段:段考卡點整合(素養變化題)
最近很多同學會抱怨:
- 「單字我明明背了,為什麼放到文章裡就看不懂?」
- 「規則好多,題目一變化我就選錯。」
108 課綱的英文更強調「情境化」與「文法融入上下文」。
這一段我挑了段考最常見、最容易踩坑的卡點,帶你用「邏輯」拆解。
卡點一:關係副詞大魔王(Where / When / What)
不要再用「先行詞是地點就 where」這種反射性口訣。
核心觀念:
- where / when 本質上很像「介系詞 + which」的概念(在那個地方/時間)
- 判斷關鍵在 關係子句的動詞是不是缺受詞
判斷流程:
- 先行詞是地點 → 看後面的關係子句
- 如果動詞是及物動詞而且缺受詞(visit, buy, build…),用 which
- 如果子句結構完整,地點只是背景,用 where
- what 是自帶先行詞(= the thing that)
- what 前面不能再有名詞先行詞
例句:
- The city where we spent our honeymoon is quite beautiful.
- The city which we visited last year is beautiful.
- …different from what you’re used to.
小試身手(一)
- The spectacular Eiffel Tower, ______ Jeff asked Marina to marry him, is a famous landmark.
- (A) which (B) where (C) what (D) that
- The newly opened fancy restaurant, ______ Patty recommended to me last week, is quite expensive.
- (A) which (B) where (C) when (D) what
- Let’s meet at 8 p.m. tomorrow, ______ I will be taking a break from studying in the library.
- (A) which (B) where (C) when (D) what
- Everyone knows that Jerry is a con man. It’s so foolish of you to believe ______ he said.
- (A) which (B) where (C) when (D) what
- Lance was born in the summer of 1969, ______ the first human beings landed on the Moon.
- (A) which (B) where (C) when (D) what
詳解(一)
- (B):子句結構完整,地方當背景 → where
- (A):recommend 是及物動詞,缺受詞 → which
- (C):時間副詞 → when
- (D):believe 缺受詞,what 自帶先行詞
- (C):時間副詞 → when
卡點二:致命介系詞 to(be used to / look forward to)
不是所有的 to 都是「不定詞」。很多 to 其實是 介系詞。
三兄弟必分清楚:
- used to + V:過去常常(現在不做了)
- be/get used to + N / V-ing:習慣於
- be used to + V:被用來…(被動 + 不定詞表目的)
另外:look forward to + N / V-ing(期待…)這裡的 to 也是介系詞。
小試身手(二)
- After living in Taiwan for five years, the foreign student has gotten used to ______ (eat) stinky tofu.
- The sharp knife is used to ______ (cut) the thick meat in the kitchen.
- My grandfather used to ______ (take) a walk in the park every morning, but now his knees hurt.
- The hardworking employees are looking forward to ______ (get) a pay raise this year.
- …different from what you are used to ______ (eat).
詳解(二)
- eating:get used to + V-ing
- cut:be used to + V(被用來…)
- take:used to + 原形
- getting:look forward to + V-ing
- eating:be used to + V-ing
卡點三:比較的藝術與陷阱(as…as / 雙重比較級)
as…as 中間要放形容詞還是副詞,關鍵只看:前面的動詞屬性。
- 連綴動詞(be/look/sound/taste/feel…)→ 接形容詞
- 一般動作動詞(run/dance/sing…)→ 接副詞
重點句型:
- not as / not so… as:不如…
- The 比較級…, the 比較級…:越…就越…
小試身手(三)
- Studies have shown that colors don’t appear ______ under artificial lighting as they do under natural sunlight.
- (A) as vibrantly (B) as vibrant (C) so vibrantly (D) more vibrant
- Eric rarely orders ice cream because his teeth are not ______ they usually are.
- (A) so healthily as (B) more healthy than (C) as healthy as (D) as healthily than
- The desserts in that café not only look delicate but also taste ______.
- (A) as well as they look (B) as good as they look (C) as better as they look (D) more well than they look
- This semester, Andrea took ______ her best friend Linda did.
- (A) as many courses as (B) as much courses as (C) so many course than (D) more courses as
- ______ successful Ukraine’s resistance is, ______ the danger to NATO will be.
- (A) The more… the more (B) The more… the greater (C) More… greater (D) As more… as greater
詳解(三)
- (B):appear 是連綴動詞 → 形容詞 vibrant
- (C):be 動詞 → 形容詞 healthy;否定原級比較 not as…as
- (B):taste 是連綴動詞 → good
- (A):courses 可數複數 → many
- (B):雙重比較級;danger 常搭 greater
卡點四:高階字彙網絡與轉折語氣(搭配詞)
單字不能只背中文,要一起背後面的介系詞。
- distract sb. from sth.
- distinguish between A and B / distinguish A from B
- be sensitive to sth.
- regardless of…
小試身手(四)
- Ken tried to finish the novel before bed, but the loud music from next door kept him ______ his reading.
- (A) distracting to (B) distracted from (C) distinguishing from (D) distinguish between
- ______ the height of your tummy, these foods remain yummy in comparison with other meals.
- (A) Instead of (B) Because of (C) Regardless of (D) In spite
- Lucas is highly ______ constant criticism from his colleagues…
- (A) sensible of (B) sensitive to (C) indicating to (D) passenger of
- Nancy and her twin sister look so similar that even their parents can’t ______ one from the other sometimes.
- (A) distract (B) blame (C) remain (D) distinguish
- Miranda performed better than all her co-workers last year. ______, she got a pay raise and a promotion.
- (A) Believe it or not (B) Needless to say (C) By comparison (D) As a result of
詳解(四)
- (B):distract from
- (C):regardless of
- (B):sensitive to
- (D):distinguish A from B
- (B):Needless to say
Part 8|第二回:段考隱形殺手(介系詞方向感 / 名詞子句 / 代動詞 / quite 語序)
卡點五:介系詞的精準方向感(to / for / from)
- solution to + N
- recipe for + N
- blame sb. for sth.
卡點六:名詞子句當受詞(how / what)
- affect [how much you enjoy your meal]
- different from [what you’re used to]
卡點七:避免重複的優雅替換(代動詞 do / does / did)
- …does(代替前面的一般動詞)
卡點八:特殊語序(quite a/an + adj + N)
- quite + a/an + adj + N
- quite a noisy place
小試身手(第二回)
- The government is currently trying to think of a feasible solution ______ the severe air pollution in the city.
- (A) of (B) for (C) to (D) with
- Studies have indicated that artificial light doesn’t affect plant growth as much as natural sunlight ______.
- (A) is (B) does (C) has (D) affects
- Traveling to Europe probably costs ______ traveling to the United States.
- (A) as much money as (B) as many money as (C) so much money than (D) more money as
- When the project failed, the manager ______ his team members for the mistake…
- (A) provided (B) distracted (C) compared (D) blamed
- Believe it or not, it was ______ an amazing experience that I will never forget it.
- (A) very (B) so (C) quite (D) exactly
詳解(第二回)
- (C):solution to
- (B):代動詞 does 代替 affects
- (A):money 不可數 → much
- (D):blame sb for sth
- (C):quite + a/an + adj + N
Part 9|最終回:最後四大卡點(未來進行式語氣 / so…that / because vs because of / 一字多義片語)
卡點九:未來進行式的隱藏語氣(will be V-ing)
除了「未來某時間正在做」,還常用來:
- 表示行程已安排好
- 表示委婉、有禮貌的探詢
卡點十:so… that… 的詞性陷阱
- so 修飾形容詞/副詞
- 名詞要用 such
卡點十一:because vs. because of
- because(連接詞)+ 完整子句
- because of(介系詞片語)+ 名詞片語 / V-ing
卡點十二:一字多義與進階片語
- pressure:氣壓/血壓/同儕壓力
- lack(名詞)+ of
- come up with:想出(點子/方案)
小試身手(最終回)
- Hello, Mr. Johnson. ______ using the meeting room at 10 a.m. tomorrow?
- (A) Do you use (B) Will you be (C) Have you been (D) Are you used to
- The newly introduced artificial intelligence system functions ______ efficiently that some employees… were laid off.
- (A) such (B) very (C) quite (D) so
- ______ the severe lack of resources and extreme weather, the rescue team remained determined…
- (A) Because (B) In spite of (C) Although (D) Regardless
- Studies show that teenagers are often under huge peer ______ to conform…
- (A) pressure (B) recipe (C) ingredient (D) passenger
- …the government is trying hard to ______ a feasible solution to the problem.
- (A) come up with (B) look forward to (C) get used to (D) distract from
詳解(最終回)
- (B):委婉探詢 → will be V-ing
- (D):so + 副詞 efficiently
- (B):讓步 + 後面是名詞片語 → in spite of
- (A):peer pressure
- (A):come up with
結語|你真正要練的是「邏輯」不是「口訣」
如果你能把這幾句話內化,你的英文會穩很多:
- 先找動詞 → 再看結構缺什麼
- 介系詞後面要名詞(或 V-ing 當名詞)
- 連綴動詞後面接形容詞(不是副詞)
- 單字要背「搭配詞」而不是只背中文
如果你希望我把你段考考卷或錯題拿來做「客製化的補救路線」,也可以直接加 LINE 丟我題目:https://line.me/ti/p/XMNSTqpm_f