哈囉!我是威威。

這一份是我整理給台灣高中生的教學講義,主題是 「高一英文(下)第一次段考」

我把很多複雜的專有名詞先丟掉,直接從英文的「骨架」開始:

  • 先搞懂:詞性(單字的職業)
  • 再搞懂:句型(句子的骨架)

只要這兩個底子穩了,後面不管是時態、關係子句、比較級、素養閱讀的長句,你都會越來越順。


Part 0|使用方式(建議)

  • 零基礎或底子不穩:先看 Part 1~Part 3(把骨架補起來)
  • 想直接拚段考:先看 Part 4~Part 6(段考卡點與變化題)
  • 每一段最後的「小試身手」務必自己先做一遍,再看詳解

Part 1|第一關:認識英文單字的「職業」(四大基本詞性)

就像玩遊戲一樣,每個單字都有自己的「職業」跟「任務」。零基礎的同學先認得這四個最重要的職業就好:

1) 名詞 (Noun, N):宇宙萬物的「名稱」

  • 任務:負責當主角(主詞)或接受動作的人事物(受詞)
  • 例子:apple, dog, water, teacher, Jerry

2) 動詞 (Verb, V):句子的「靈魂與心跳」

沒有動詞,就沒有完整的句子。

  • 一般動詞:表示具體動作(run, eat, laugh)
  • Be 動詞:表示「狀態」或「是」(am, is, are)

3) 形容詞 (Adjective, Adj):名詞的「專屬化妝師」

  • 任務:只能修飾名詞,告訴你名詞長怎樣
  • 例子:a beautiful girl、the hot water

4) 介系詞 (Preposition, Prep):表達「方向與空間」的導航員

  • 任務:介系詞後面一定要加上名詞(這是超重要鐵則)
  • 例子:in, on, to

Part 2|第二關:英文句子的「骨架」(五大句型的最基礎)

英文句子最基本的結構就是:主詞 + 動詞

先把前兩個最常用的骨架練熟,你就能看懂英文七成的句子。

骨架一:主詞 + 不及物動詞 (S + Vi)

  • 邏輯:主角自己做一個動作就結束,不需要發洩在別人身上
  • 例句:The children laughed.

骨架二:主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞 (S + Vt + O)

  • 邏輯:主角做一個動作,但必須「對某個東西」做,後面一定要有受詞
  • 例句:I love you.

威威防呆小提醒:縮寫 vs. 所有格

很多人會把:

  • You’re(You are)跟 Your(你的)搞混
  • It’s(It is)跟 Its(它的)搞混

判斷方法:不知道該用哪個時,把它拆成 You are / It is 放回句子看邏輯通不通。


Part 3|小試身手(第一、二關)

  1. 在 “A cute cat sleeps.” 這句話中,cute 是什麼詞性?
  • (A) 名詞 (B) 動詞 (C) 形容詞 (D) 介系詞
  1. 在 “He drinks hot coffee.” 這句話中,哪一個單字是動詞?
  • (A) He (B) drinks (C) hot (D) coffee
  1. 下列哪一個句子是標準的 S + Vt + O 骨架?
  • (A) I run fast.
  • (B) She eats an apple.
  • (C) They cried.
  1. 介系詞(in / on / to / for)的後面,按照規定必須接什麼詞性?
  • (A) 名詞 (B) 動詞 (C) 形容詞
  1. 零基礎最容易出錯的陷阱!請選出文法正確的句子:
  • (A) Your a good student.
  • (B) You’re a good student.

詳解(第一、二關)

  1. (C) 形容詞:cute 用來描述 cat
  2. (B) drinks:代表動作
  3. (B):eats 是及物動詞,an apple 是受詞
  4. (A) 名詞:介系詞後面要接名詞(或 V-ing 當名詞用)
  5. (B):You’re = You are,句子才有動詞

Part 4|四階段補救藍圖(整份講義的路線圖)

  1. 第一階段:生存級別(你已經完成了)

    • 四大基本零件(名詞、動詞、形容詞、介系詞)
    • 兩個最簡單的骨架(S+Vi, S+Vt+O)
    • 現在簡單式
  2. 第二階段:擴充級別(今天的講義 Part 5)

    • 副詞、連接詞
    • S + V + C(補語)
    • 過去、未來、現在進行式
  3. 第三階段:轉骨級別(Part 6)

    • 一個句子不能有兩個動詞 → To V / V-ing
    • 基礎關係代名詞(who/which/that)
    • 基礎比較級(-er / more)
  4. 第四階段:實戰級別(Part 7 之後)

    • where/when/what、未來進行式、be used to、雙重比較級…等考點整合

Part 5|第二階段:讓句子變豐富(副詞/連接詞/補語/時態)

你已經能造出像 “I eat apples.” 這種句子了。

但如果想說:

  • 我昨天吃
  • 我大口地吃
  • 因為我很餓所以我吃

就需要「新職業」與「時光機」。

觀念一:解鎖兩個新職業(副詞、連接詞)

副詞 (Adverb, Adv) —— 動詞的專屬特效師

  • 任務:修飾動詞,告訴你動作怎麼做、何時做、在哪做
  • 例句:He speaks English fluently.(fluently 修飾 speak)

連接詞 (Conjunction, Conj) —— 句子的無敵萬能膠

  • 任務:把兩個單字或兩個句子黏在一起
  • 常見:and, but, because, so

觀念二:解鎖新骨架(S + V + C)

如果我要說「我很開心」,開心不是動作,是狀態。

  • Be 動詞像「等於符號」:把主詞跟狀態連起來
  • 補語 (C):放在 Be 動詞後面,補充主詞是誰或什麼狀態

例句:I am happy.(I = happy)

提醒:除了 be,還有連綴動詞 look / sound / taste… 後面也要接形容詞當補語。

例句:The food tastes good.

觀念三:時光機魔法(過去、未來、現在進行式)

  • 過去簡單式:V-ed / 不規則變化
    • I played basketball yesterday.
  • 未來簡單式:will + V
    • I will call you later.
  • 現在進行式:be + V-ing(缺一不可)
    • I am watching TV.

Part 5|小試身手(第二階段)

  1. 在 “She sings beautifully.” beautifully 是什麼詞性?
  • (A) 名詞 (B) 動詞 (C) 形容詞 (D) 副詞
  1. “I want to play outside, ______ it is raining.”
  • (A) and (B) but (C) so
  1. 套用 S + V + C,請選出正確句子:
  • (A) He look happily.
  • (B) He looks happy.
  1. 看到句尾有 yesterday,請選出正確的過去式:
  • Tom ______ TV at home yesterday.
    • (A) watch (B) watches (C) watched (D) will watch
  1. 哪一個句子是現在進行式?
  • (A) They play basketball every day.
  • (B) They will play basketball tomorrow.
  • (C) They are playing basketball right now.

詳解(第二階段)

  1. (D):beautifully 修飾 sing
  2. (B):前後轉折
  3. (B):look 是連綴動詞,後面要接形容詞 happy
  4. (C):yesterday → 過去式
  5. (C):be + V-ing

Part 6|第三階段:轉骨期(To V / V-ing、比較級、關係代名詞)

觀念一:一山不容二虎(動詞大變身 To V / V-ing)

一個簡單句裡,不能同時出現兩個有「動作功能」的動詞。

想在句子裡放兩個動作,例如「我喜歡看電視」:

  • 用連接詞串起來(and)

  • 或把第二個動詞變裝成「名詞」:To V 或 V-ing

  • To + V:偏「目的、未來想做」

    • I want to play games.
  • V-ing:偏「習慣、享受在其中」

    • I enjoy playing games.

觀念二:超級比一比(基礎比較級)

  • 短單字:加 -er
    • tall → taller
  • 長單字:加 more
    • expensive → more expensive
  • 常搭配:than
    • He is taller than me.

觀念三:超長化妝師(基礎關係代名詞 who / which / that)

如果形容詞「很長」(一整句話),英文習慣放在名詞後面,用掛勾掛上去:

  • 人:who
  • 物/動物:which
  • 萬用:that

例句:The boy who is wearing glasses is my brother.


Part 6|小試身手(第三階段)

  1. 請選出文法正確的句子:
  • (A) I enjoy watch movies on weekends.
  • (B) I enjoy to watching movies on weekends.
  • (C) I enjoy watching movies on weekends.
  1. Math is ______ than History for me.(difficult 是長單字)
  • (A) difficult (B) difficulter (C) more difficult (D) the most difficult
  1. This book is ______ than that one.(cheap 是短單字)
  • (A) cheaper (B) more cheap (C) cheapest (D) as cheap
  1. The girl ______ talked to me yesterday is my classmate.
  • (A) which (B) who (C) where (D) what
  1. I bought a car ______ runs very fast.
  • (A) who (B) which (C) whom (D) what

詳解(第三階段)

  1. (C):enjoy + V-ing
  2. (C):more difficult
  3. (A):cheaper
  4. (B):人 → who
  5. (B):物 → which

Part 7|高一下一段:段考卡點整合(素養變化題)

最近很多同學會抱怨:

  • 「單字我明明背了,為什麼放到文章裡就看不懂?」
  • 「規則好多,題目一變化我就選錯。」

108 課綱的英文更強調「情境化」與「文法融入上下文」。

這一段我挑了段考最常見、最容易踩坑的卡點,帶你用「邏輯」拆解。


卡點一:關係副詞大魔王(Where / When / What)

不要再用「先行詞是地點就 where」這種反射性口訣。

核心觀念:

  • where / when 本質上很像「介系詞 + which」的概念(在那個地方/時間)
  • 判斷關鍵在 關係子句的動詞是不是缺受詞

判斷流程:

  • 先行詞是地點 → 看後面的關係子句
    • 如果動詞是及物動詞而且缺受詞(visit, buy, build…),用 which
    • 如果子句結構完整,地點只是背景,用 where
  • what 是自帶先行詞(= the thing that)
    • what 前面不能再有名詞先行詞

例句:

  • The city where we spent our honeymoon is quite beautiful.
  • The city which we visited last year is beautiful.
  • …different from what you’re used to.

小試身手(一)

  1. The spectacular Eiffel Tower, ______ Jeff asked Marina to marry him, is a famous landmark.
  • (A) which (B) where (C) what (D) that
  1. The newly opened fancy restaurant, ______ Patty recommended to me last week, is quite expensive.
  • (A) which (B) where (C) when (D) what
  1. Let’s meet at 8 p.m. tomorrow, ______ I will be taking a break from studying in the library.
  • (A) which (B) where (C) when (D) what
  1. Everyone knows that Jerry is a con man. It’s so foolish of you to believe ______ he said.
  • (A) which (B) where (C) when (D) what
  1. Lance was born in the summer of 1969, ______ the first human beings landed on the Moon.
  • (A) which (B) where (C) when (D) what

詳解(一)

  1. (B):子句結構完整,地方當背景 → where
  2. (A):recommend 是及物動詞,缺受詞 → which
  3. (C):時間副詞 → when
  4. (D):believe 缺受詞,what 自帶先行詞
  5. (C):時間副詞 → when

卡點二:致命介系詞 to(be used to / look forward to)

不是所有的 to 都是「不定詞」。很多 to 其實是 介系詞

三兄弟必分清楚:

  • used to + V:過去常常(現在不做了)
  • be/get used to + N / V-ing:習慣於
  • be used to + V:被用來…(被動 + 不定詞表目的)

另外:look forward to + N / V-ing(期待…)這裡的 to 也是介系詞。

小試身手(二)

  1. After living in Taiwan for five years, the foreign student has gotten used to ______ (eat) stinky tofu.
  2. The sharp knife is used to ______ (cut) the thick meat in the kitchen.
  3. My grandfather used to ______ (take) a walk in the park every morning, but now his knees hurt.
  4. The hardworking employees are looking forward to ______ (get) a pay raise this year.
  5. …different from what you are used to ______ (eat).

詳解(二)

  1. eating:get used to + V-ing
  2. cut:be used to + V(被用來…)
  3. take:used to + 原形
  4. getting:look forward to + V-ing
  5. eating:be used to + V-ing

卡點三:比較的藝術與陷阱(as…as / 雙重比較級)

as…as 中間要放形容詞還是副詞,關鍵只看:前面的動詞屬性

  • 連綴動詞(be/look/sound/taste/feel…)→ 接形容詞
  • 一般動作動詞(run/dance/sing…)→ 接副詞

重點句型:

  • not as / not so… as:不如…
  • The 比較級…, the 比較級…:越…就越…

小試身手(三)

  1. Studies have shown that colors don’t appear ______ under artificial lighting as they do under natural sunlight.
  • (A) as vibrantly (B) as vibrant (C) so vibrantly (D) more vibrant
  1. Eric rarely orders ice cream because his teeth are not ______ they usually are.
  • (A) so healthily as (B) more healthy than (C) as healthy as (D) as healthily than
  1. The desserts in that café not only look delicate but also taste ______.
  • (A) as well as they look (B) as good as they look (C) as better as they look (D) more well than they look
  1. This semester, Andrea took ______ her best friend Linda did.
  • (A) as many courses as (B) as much courses as (C) so many course than (D) more courses as
  1. ______ successful Ukraine’s resistance is, ______ the danger to NATO will be.
  • (A) The more… the more (B) The more… the greater (C) More… greater (D) As more… as greater

詳解(三)

  1. (B):appear 是連綴動詞 → 形容詞 vibrant
  2. (C):be 動詞 → 形容詞 healthy;否定原級比較 not as…as
  3. (B):taste 是連綴動詞 → good
  4. (A):courses 可數複數 → many
  5. (B):雙重比較級;danger 常搭 greater

卡點四:高階字彙網絡與轉折語氣(搭配詞)

單字不能只背中文,要一起背後面的介系詞。

  • distract sb. from sth.
  • distinguish between A and B / distinguish A from B
  • be sensitive to sth.
  • regardless of…

小試身手(四)

  1. Ken tried to finish the novel before bed, but the loud music from next door kept him ______ his reading.
  • (A) distracting to (B) distracted from (C) distinguishing from (D) distinguish between
  1. ______ the height of your tummy, these foods remain yummy in comparison with other meals.
  • (A) Instead of (B) Because of (C) Regardless of (D) In spite
  1. Lucas is highly ______ constant criticism from his colleagues…
  • (A) sensible of (B) sensitive to (C) indicating to (D) passenger of
  1. Nancy and her twin sister look so similar that even their parents can’t ______ one from the other sometimes.
  • (A) distract (B) blame (C) remain (D) distinguish
  1. Miranda performed better than all her co-workers last year. ______, she got a pay raise and a promotion.
  • (A) Believe it or not (B) Needless to say (C) By comparison (D) As a result of

詳解(四)

  1. (B):distract from
  2. (C):regardless of
  3. (B):sensitive to
  4. (D):distinguish A from B
  5. (B):Needless to say

Part 8|第二回:段考隱形殺手(介系詞方向感 / 名詞子句 / 代動詞 / quite 語序)

卡點五:介系詞的精準方向感(to / for / from)

  • solution to + N
  • recipe for + N
  • blame sb. for sth.

卡點六:名詞子句當受詞(how / what)

  • affect [how much you enjoy your meal]
  • different from [what you’re used to]

卡點七:避免重複的優雅替換(代動詞 do / does / did)

  • …does(代替前面的一般動詞)

卡點八:特殊語序(quite a/an + adj + N)

  • quite + a/an + adj + N
    • quite a noisy place

小試身手(第二回)

  1. The government is currently trying to think of a feasible solution ______ the severe air pollution in the city.
  • (A) of (B) for (C) to (D) with
  1. Studies have indicated that artificial light doesn’t affect plant growth as much as natural sunlight ______.
  • (A) is (B) does (C) has (D) affects
  1. Traveling to Europe probably costs ______ traveling to the United States.
  • (A) as much money as (B) as many money as (C) so much money than (D) more money as
  1. When the project failed, the manager ______ his team members for the mistake…
  • (A) provided (B) distracted (C) compared (D) blamed
  1. Believe it or not, it was ______ an amazing experience that I will never forget it.
  • (A) very (B) so (C) quite (D) exactly

詳解(第二回)

  1. (C):solution to
  2. (B):代動詞 does 代替 affects
  3. (A):money 不可數 → much
  4. (D):blame sb for sth
  5. (C):quite + a/an + adj + N

Part 9|最終回:最後四大卡點(未來進行式語氣 / so…that / because vs because of / 一字多義片語)

卡點九:未來進行式的隱藏語氣(will be V-ing)

除了「未來某時間正在做」,還常用來:

  • 表示行程已安排好
  • 表示委婉、有禮貌的探詢

卡點十:so… that… 的詞性陷阱

  • so 修飾形容詞/副詞
  • 名詞要用 such

卡點十一:because vs. because of

  • because(連接詞)+ 完整子句
  • because of(介系詞片語)+ 名詞片語 / V-ing

卡點十二:一字多義與進階片語

  • pressure:氣壓/血壓/同儕壓力
  • lack(名詞)+ of
  • come up with:想出(點子/方案)

小試身手(最終回)

  1. Hello, Mr. Johnson. ______ using the meeting room at 10 a.m. tomorrow?
  • (A) Do you use (B) Will you be (C) Have you been (D) Are you used to
  1. The newly introduced artificial intelligence system functions ______ efficiently that some employees… were laid off.
  • (A) such (B) very (C) quite (D) so
  1. ______ the severe lack of resources and extreme weather, the rescue team remained determined…
  • (A) Because (B) In spite of (C) Although (D) Regardless
  1. Studies show that teenagers are often under huge peer ______ to conform…
  • (A) pressure (B) recipe (C) ingredient (D) passenger
  1. …the government is trying hard to ______ a feasible solution to the problem.
  • (A) come up with (B) look forward to (C) get used to (D) distract from

詳解(最終回)

  1. (B):委婉探詢 → will be V-ing
  2. (D):so + 副詞 efficiently
  3. (B):讓步 + 後面是名詞片語 → in spite of
  4. (A):peer pressure
  5. (A):come up with

結語|你真正要練的是「邏輯」不是「口訣」

如果你能把這幾句話內化,你的英文會穩很多:

  • 先找動詞 → 再看結構缺什麼
  • 介系詞後面要名詞(或 V-ing 當名詞)
  • 連綴動詞後面接形容詞(不是副詞)
  • 單字要背「搭配詞」而不是只背中文

如果你希望我把你段考考卷或錯題拿來做「客製化的補救路線」,也可以直接加 LINE 丟我題目:https://line.me/ti/p/XMNSTqpm_f