威威老師的文法特快車：強調句與附加問句 (Cleft Sentences & Tag Questions)
哈囉各位同學！我是威威老師。
來，比較這兩種寫法：
A: "John bought a book yesterday."（普通陳述） B: "It was John that bought a book yesterday."（強調是「約翰」）
兩句意思相近——但 B 把「John」拋光、放大、聚焦——這就是英文的強調術！
英文有 3 種主要的「強調工具」：
- It is/was...that...（分裂句）
- do/does/did + 原形（強調動作真實性）
- 倒裝（已講）
加上附加問句 (Tag Questions) ——「對吧？」「不是嗎？」這個英文人每三句講一次的口語神器——今天威威老師一次教給你！
繫好安全帶 🚂
課前快問 (Pre-Quiz)
- I will call you as soon as I ____ home.（will get / get）
- Choose: (A) Because he studied hard, so he passed. (B) Because he studied hard, he passed.
- He was ____ hungry ____ he ate three bowls.（such...that / so...that）
解答：
- get — 時間子句不用 will。
- (B) — Because/so 不共存。
- so...that — hungry 是形容詞 → so。
Part A：強調句 (Cleft Sentences)
一、It is/was...that... 分裂句
1-1 核心觀念
把想強調的部分放進「It is/was ___ that ___」框架裡，聚焦那一塊！
1-2 操作 3 步驟
原句：John bought a book yesterday.
Step 1：找——你想強調哪一部分？
Step 2：放——把它放在 "It is/was" 後面
Step 3：連——用 "that" 連接剩下的部分
1-3 強調不同部分
| 強調 | 強調句 | 中譯 |
|---|---|---|
| 主詞 John | It was John that/who bought a book yesterday. | 是約翰昨天買了書。 |
| 受詞 a book | It was a book that John bought yesterday. | 約翰昨天買的是書。 |
| 時間 yesterday | It was yesterday that John bought a book. | 約翰是昨天買的。 |
1-4 that vs. who vs. which
| 強調對象 | 連接詞 |
|---|---|
| 強調人 | that 或 who |
| 強調物 | that 或 which |
| 強調時間/地點/其他 | that |
| 萬用選擇 | that（永遠正確） |
💡 威威建議： 不確定就用 that！
1-5 時態：is 還是 was？
看原句的時態決定：
- 原句過去式 → It was...that...
- 原句現在式 → It is...that...
It is/was 強調句即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: It was Mary ______ saved the drowning child. (A) which (B) what (C) that (D) whom
2. Choose: It was in Paris ______ they first met. (A) where (B) which (C) that (D) what
3. Convert: "John broke the window." → 強調 John
4. Choose: It was ______ he was angry.（強調原因） (A) why (B) because (C) that (D) what
5. Translate: 「就是這本書改變了我的人生。」(Use It is...that)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(C) that — It was Mary that/who saved...（強調人，that 或 who 都可）。
第 2 題：(C) that — 強調地點 → 用 that。
第 3 題：It was John that/who broke the window.
第 4 題：(C) that — It was [because he was angry] that ... → 強調原因子句也用 that。 完整：It was because he was angry that he left.
第 5 題：It is this book that changed my life.
二、do/does/did 強調句
2-1 核心觀念
在動詞前面加 do/does/did，強調「真的、確實」！
2-2 公式
| 時態 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在式 (I/you/we/they) | do + 原形 V | I do like you! |
| 現在式 (he/she/it) | does + 原形 V | She does work hard. |
| 過去式 | did + 原形 V | I did finish it. |
2-3 助動詞後接原形動詞！
❌ He does works hard. → ✅ He does work hard. ❌ I did finished it. → ✅ I did finish it.
2-4 使用情境
| 情境 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 反駁懷疑 | "You don't care about me." → "I do care about you!" |
| 強調事實 | I did tell you about it yesterday. |
| 加強語氣 | She does look like her mother. |
do/does/did 強調即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: I ______ finish the report on time. Here it is! (A) do (B) did (C) does (D) am
2. Choose: He ______ know the answer. He told me. (A) do (B) does (C) did (D) is
3. 改錯：She does works very hard.
4. Translate: 「我真的很喜歡這部電影。」(Use do + V)
5. 改錯：I did finished my homework.
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) did — 過去式 + 強調 → did + 原形 finish。
第 2 題：(B) does — 現在式 + 三單 → does + 原形 know。
第 3 題：works → work — ✅ She does work very hard.（does 後接原形）
第 4 題：I do love this movie.
第 5 題：finished → finish — ✅ I did finish my homework.
三、Not until 的三種寫法
「直到...才...」的三種句型——強調力度遞增！
3-1 三種寫法對比
原句：I didn't know the truth until yesterday.
| 寫法 | 結構 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 基本型 | S + didn't + V + until + 時間 | I didn't know the truth until yesterday. |
| 強調型 | It was not until + 時間 + that + S + V(肯定) | It was not until yesterday that I knew the truth. |
| 倒裝型 | Not until + 時間 + 助動詞 + S + V(原形) | Not until yesterday did I know the truth. |
3-2 強調型注意：that 後子句用肯定！
❌ It was not until yesterday that I didn't know the truth.（雙重否定錯！） ✅ It was not until yesterday that I knew the truth.（肯定）
3-3 倒裝型注意：助動詞 + S + 原形 V
Not until + 時間 + did + S + 原形 V（不能用過去式！）
Not until 即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: It was not until midnight ______ he came home. (A) when (B) which (C) what (D) that
2. Choose: Not until he graduated ______ he realize the importance of education. (A) do (B) does (C) did (D) was
3. Convert: "I didn't realize my mistake until it was too late." → 強調型
4. Convert: 同題 → 倒裝型
5. Translate: 「直到他離開，我才發現他的好。」(Use Not until + 倒裝)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(D) that — It was not until + 時間 + that...
第 2 題：(C) did — 倒裝 → 助動詞 did + 原形 realize。
第 3 題：It was not until it was too late that I realized my mistake.
第 4 題：Not until it was too late did I realize my mistake.
第 5 題：Not until he left did I realize how good he was.
Part B：附加問句 (Tag Questions)
四、附加問句的核心規則
4-1 黃金原則：前肯後否、前否後肯
| 主要子句 | 附加問句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | 否定 | You are a student, aren't you? |
| 否定 | 肯定 | She doesn't like coffee, does she? |
4-2 結構
附加問句 = 助動詞/be 動詞（肯定/否定）+ 代名詞
4-3 各種動詞的附加問句
| 動詞類型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| be (現在) | You are happy, aren't you? |
| be (過去) | She was late, wasn't she? |
| have (一般動詞 = 有) | You have a car, don't you? |
| have (完成式助動詞) | He has finished, hasn't he? |
| 一般動詞 (現在) | She likes tea, doesn't she? |
| 一般動詞 (過去) | They went home, didn't they? |
| can/will/should/must | You can swim, can't you? |
4-4 have 的雙重身份
| have 是什麼 | 附加問句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般動詞「有」 | 借 do/does/did | You have a dog, don't you? |
| 完成式助動詞 | 直接用 have/has | You have seen it, haven't you? |
附加問句基本即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: You are a doctor, ______? (A) are you (B) aren't you (C) don't you (D) do you
2. Choose: She doesn't like spicy food, ______? (A) does she (B) doesn't she (C) is she (D) isn't she
3. Choose: They have been married for 20 years, ______? (A) haven't they (B) have they (C) don't they (D) aren't they
4. Add tag question: He can speak Chinese, ______?
5. Add tag question: You went to the party, ______?
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) aren't you — 前肯後否，be 動詞 are → aren't。
第 2 題：(A) does she — 前否後肯。
第 3 題：(A) haven't they — have been 是完成式（助動詞），直接用 haven't。
第 4 題：can't he? — can → can't。
第 5 題：didn't you? — 過去式 went → didn't you。
五、特殊附加問句 — 必背！
5-1 必背特殊搭配
| 句型 | 附加問句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Let's... | shall we? | Let's go, shall we? |
| Let me/us...（不含聽者） | will you? / may I? | Let me help, will you? |
| 祈使句（肯定） | will you? / won't you? | Close the door, will you? |
| 祈使句（否定） | will you? | Don't be late, will you? |
| I am... | aren't I? | I am right, aren't I? |
| There is/are... | isn't/aren't there? | There is a problem, isn't there? |
| This is... | isn't it? | This is your book, isn't it? |
5-2 I am → aren't I!
因為 am not 沒有縮寫（amn't 不存在）→ 借用 aren't！
| 對 ✓ | 錯 ✗ |
|---|---|
| I am tall, aren't I? | I am tall, |
| I am tall, |
5-3 Let's vs. Let me/us
| Let's | Let me/us | |
|---|---|---|
| 包含聽者 | ✓（你和我） | ✗（只有我或我們） |
| 附加問句 | shall we? | will you? |
| 例句 | Let's go, shall we? | Let me help, will you? |
特殊附加問句即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: Let's go to the movies, ______? (A) will you (B) do we (C) shall we (D) don't we
2. Choose: I am your best friend, ______? (A) am not I (B) don't I (C) isn't it (D) aren't I
3. Choose: Close the window, ______? (A) do you (B) will you (C) aren't you (D) don't you
4. Choose: There are many options, ______? (A) isn't there (B) aren't there (C) don't they (D) are they
5. Translate: 「我們去看電影，好嗎？」(Use Let's + shall we)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(C) shall we — Let's → shall we。
第 2 題：(D) aren't I — I am 的特例 → aren't I。
第 3 題：(B) will you — 祈使句 → will you。
第 4 題：(B) aren't there — There are → aren't there。
第 5 題：Let's go to the movies, shall we?
六、否定詞 + 肯定附加問句
句中含「否定意味」的詞 → 算否定句 → 附加問句用肯定！
6-1 否定詞清單
| 否定詞 | 例句 + 附加問句 |
|---|---|
| never | He never lies, does he? |
| seldom / rarely | She rarely smiles, does she? |
| hardly / scarcely | I hardly know him, do I? |
| few (可數) | Few people know this, do they? |
| little (不可數) | There is little time left, is there? |
| no | He has no money, does he? |
| nothing | Nothing matters, does it? |
| nobody / no one | Nobody came, did they? |
6-2 few vs. a few / little vs. a little
| 字 | 意義 | 算肯定/否定 | 附加問句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| few | 很少（幾乎沒） | 否定 | 肯定 (do they) |
| a few | 還有一些 | 肯定 | 否定 (don't they) |
| little | 很少（幾乎沒） | 否定 | 肯定 (is there) |
| a little | 還有一些 | 肯定 | 否定 (isn't there) |
例：
- Few students passed, did they?（很少學生通過 → 否定 → 附加問句肯定）
- A few students passed, didn't they?（有一些通過 → 肯定 → 附加問句否定）
否定詞附加問句即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: She never eats breakfast, ______? (A) does she (B) doesn't she (C) hasn't she (D) has she
2. Choose: She can hardly speak French, ______? (A) can she (B) can't she (C) does she (D) doesn't she
3. Choose: Nobody knows the answer, ______? (A) do they (B) don't they (C) does he (D) does anybody
4. Choose: He has few friends, ______? (A) has he (B) hasn't he (C) does he (D) doesn't he
5. Choose: There is little hope, ______? (A) is there (B) isn't there (C) does there (D) doesn't there
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(A) does she — never 否定 → 附加問句肯定。
第 2 題：(A) can she — hardly 否定 → 附加問句肯定。
第 3 題：(A) do they — nobody 否定 → 肯定 do they（用 they 不用 he）。
第 4 題：(C) does he — few 否定 + has 是「有」（一般動詞）→ 借 does。
第 5 題：(A) is there — little 否定 → 肯定 is there。
七、考試陷阱大整理
陷阱 1：It is/was...that... 強調句的判斷
看到 It is/was + N + that → 強調句（不是名詞子句）
陷阱 2：do/does/did 後接原形動詞
❌ does works → ✅ does work
陷阱 3：Not until 三種寫法
強調型 that 後肯定；倒裝型助動詞 + 原形
陷阱 4：have 的雙重身份
have「有」→ do/does/did；have（完成式）→ have/has/had
陷阱 5：I am → aren't I!
不是 am not I 也不是 don't I！
陷阱 6：否定詞 + 肯定附加問句
never/hardly/few/little/no/nobody → 算否定 → 附加問句肯定
章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題
基礎題 (1-10)
1. It was Mary ______ saved the drowning child. (A) which (B) what (C) that (D) whom
2. I ______ finish the report on time. Here it is! (A) do (B) did (C) does (D) am
3. You are a doctor, ______? (A) are you (B) aren't you (C) don't you (D) do you
4. It was not until midnight ______ he came home. (A) when (B) which (C) what (D) that
5. She never eats breakfast, ______? (A) does she (B) doesn't she (C) hasn't she (D) has she
6. Let's go to the movies tonight, ______? (A) will you (B) do we (C) shall we (D) don't we
7. He ______ know the answer. (A) do (B) does (C) did (D) is
8. Close the window, ______? (A) do you (B) will you (C) aren't you (D) don't you
9. It was in Paris ______ they first met. (A) where (B) which (C) that (D) what
10. I am your best friend, ______? (A) am not I (B) don't I (C) isn't it (D) aren't I
進階題 (11-20)
11. Not until he graduated ______ he realize the importance of education. (A) do (B) does (C) did (D) was
12. There is no need to worry, ______? (A) is it (B) isn't it (C) is there (D) isn't there
13. It ______ the president ______ made the final decision. (A) is / which (B) was / that (C) was / which (D) is / what
14. She can hardly speak a word of French, ______? (A) can she (B) can't she (C) does she (D) doesn't she
15. ______ he did finish the marathon surprised everyone. (A) That (B) What (C) Which (D) How
16. They have been married for 20 years, ______? (A) haven't they (B) have they (C) don't they (D) aren't they
17. It was the unusual noise ______ alerted the security guard. (A) what (B) which (C) that (D) who
18. He has few friends in this city, ______? (A) has he (B) hasn't he (C) does he (D) doesn't he
19. Not until the last guest had left ______ the host sit down. (A) do (B) does (C) did (D) was
20. Nobody knows the answer, ______? (A) do they (B) don't they (C) does he (D) does anybody
挑戰題 (21-30)
21. It was not until he lost everything ______ he realized the value of family. (A) when (B) did (C) that (D) does
22. Choose the correct sentence: (A) Let's don't argue, shall we? (B) Let's not argue, shall we? (C) Let's not argue, will you? (D) Don't let's argue, shall we?
23. You have a younger brother, ______? And he has already graduated, ______? (A) don't you / hasn't he (B) haven't you / hasn't he (C) don't you / didn't he (D) haven't you / doesn't he
24. It ______ she ______ found the missing document, not her assistant. (A) was / that (B) is / who (C) was / who (D) is / that
25. This book contains ______ little useful information ______ I returned it. (A) so / that (B) such / that (C) a / and (D) very / so
26. Translate three sentences: (a) 「就是這個答案讓老師驚訝。」(Use It is...that) (b) 「我真的努力過了。」(Use did + V) (c) 「直到她道歉，我才原諒她。」(Use Not until + 倒裝)
27. Add tag questions: (a) "He has a new car, ______?" (b) "He has finished his work, ______?" (c) "Let's leave now, ______?" (d) "I am late, ______?"
28. Convert to It is...that... emphasis: (a) "Tom broke the vase yesterday." → 強調 Tom (b) "She gave the book to John." → 強調 John
29. Translate: (a) 「沒有人會知道，對吧？」(Use Nobody + 附加問句) (b) 「就是這位老師改變了我的人生。」(Use It is...that) (c) 「她真的很努力。」(Use does + work hard)
30. Terminal challenge—rewrite fixing all errors: "It were John that broke the window. He do work hard, doesn't he? Let's go now, will we? I am tired, am not I? She has nothing to say, doesn't she? Not until yesterday I knew the truth."
章末總測驗 解答與詳解
基礎題 解答
第 1 題：(C) that — 強調句固定用 that。
第 2 題：(B) did — 過去式強調 + 原形 finish。
第 3 題：(B) aren't you — 前肯後否。
第 4 題：(D) that — It was not until + 時間 + that。
第 5 題：(A) does she — never 否定 → 肯定。
第 6 題：(C) shall we — Let's → shall we。
第 7 題：(B) does — 三單強調 + 原形 know。
第 8 題：(B) will you — 祈使句 → will you。
第 9 題：(C) that — 強調地點 → that。
第 10 題：(D) aren't I — I am 特例。
進階題 解答
第 11 題：(C) did — 倒裝 + 原形 realize。
第 12 題：(C) is there — There is + no（否定）→ 肯定 is there。
第 13 題：(B) was / that — 過去式 + 強調主詞。
第 14 題：(A) can she — hardly 否定 → 肯定 can she。
第 15 題：(A) That — 名詞子句當主詞（內含 did 強調）。
第 16 題：(A) haven't they — have been 完成式 → haven't。
第 17 題：(C) that — 強調主詞（noise）→ that。
第 18 題：(C) does he — few 否定 + has 是「有」→ does he（肯定）。
第 19 題：(C) did — 倒裝 + 原形 sit。
第 20 題：(A) do they — Nobody 否定 + 用 they → 肯定 do they。
挑戰題 解答
第 21 題：(C) that — It was not until + 時間/子句 + that + S + V（過去式）。 ✅ It was not until he lost everything that he realized the value of family. 對比倒裝寫法：Not until he lost everything did he realize the value of family.（用倒裝 + 原形 V）
第 22 題：(B) Let's not argue, shall we? — Let's 否定 → Let's not（不是 Let's don't）+ shall we。
第 23 題：(A) don't you / hasn't he — have「有」→ don't you；has + V-pp（完成式）→ hasn't he。
第 24 題：(A) was / that — 過去式 + 強調 she（she 在子句中當主詞，that 標準）。
第 25 題：(A) so / that — so + little + 不可數 + that。
第 26 題：翻譯 (a) It was this answer that surprised the teacher. (b) I did try my best. (c) Not until she apologized did I forgive her.
第 27 題：附加問句 (a) doesn't he?（has 是「有」→ does） (b) hasn't he?（has + V-pp → has） (c) shall we?（Let's → shall we） (d) aren't I?（I am 特例）
第 28 題：強調 (a) It was Tom that/who broke the vase yesterday. (b) It was to John that she gave the book.
第 29 題：翻譯 (a) Nobody will know, will they? (b) It was this teacher that/who changed my life. (c) She does work hard.
第 30 題：完整修正 原段：It were John that broke the window. He do work hard, doesn't he? Let's go now, will we? I am tired, am not I? She has nothing to say, doesn't she? Not until yesterday I knew the truth.
修正版： "It was John that broke the window. He does work hard, doesn't he? Let's go now, shall we? I am tired, aren't I? She has nothing to say, does she? Not until yesterday did I know the truth."
修正了 6 處：
- were → was（單數 John）
- do → does（he 三單）
- will we → shall we（Let's → shall we）
- am not I → aren't I（I am 特例）
- doesn't she → does she（nothing 否定 → 肯定）
- I knew → did I know（Not until 倒裝 + 原形）
自我評分
| 分數（30 題） | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 🏆 威威等級 | 強調句+附加問句精通！進入下一章。 |
| 22-26 | 🥈 穩健等級 | 重點複習：It...that、do/does/did 強調、特殊附加問句。 |
| 16-21 | 🥉 加油等級 | 把「附加問句特殊規則」+ 「Not until 三種寫法」背熟。 |
| 0-15 | 💪 再出發 | 從「前肯後否」基本規則開始。 |
複習計畫
時間 內容 今天 全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗 第 3 天 默寫附加問句特殊規則表 第 7 天 練習 5 個句子的強調轉換 + 加附加問句 第 14 天 找 1 段英文對話，標所有附加問句 考試前 重看「6 大陷阱」
學習科學小知識：精緻化提問 (Elaborative Interrogation)
每學一個規則，問自己「為什麼是這樣？」
例如：
- 為什麼 I am 的附加問句是 aren't I？ → 因為 am not 沒有縮寫（amn't 不存在），所以借用 aren't。
- 為什麼 nobody 用 they 不用 he？ → 因為 nobody 雖單數，但指代「不確定性別的人」，用中性的 they 最自然。
當你理解 why，記憶會深刻 3 倍——不要死背，要理解背後的邏輯！
