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台灣學生最常犯的 10 個文法錯誤(你中了幾個?)

威威 Willy · 2026-06-23

台灣學生最常犯的 10 個文法錯誤(你中了幾個?)


想像這個場景:

你坐在學測考場上,英文科第二部分。你讀完一篇閱讀測驗,覺得「嗯,大概懂了」,然後開始選答案。出了考場你信心滿滿。成績出來——英文 12 級分,你覺得還行。但你仔細看,文法和句子結構的題目扣了 3 分。

3 分。可能就是你跟第一志願的距離。

我在台灣教英文快二十年,看過上萬份學生作文和模擬考卷。有些錯誤我每天至少看到 50 次。不是因為學生笨——是因為中文的邏輯跟英文不一樣,你的大腦會自動幫你「翻譯」,結果就掉進陷阱。

今天我列出 10 個最高頻的錯誤。每個都附上「為什麼你會犯」的中文邏輯分析,以及「怎麼改」的具體做法。文末有自我檢測小考——你可以先試試看自己中了幾個。


錯誤 1:主詞動詞不一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement)

你寫的:

❌ He go to school every day.

正確:

✅ He goes to school every day.

為什麼你會犯: 中文沒有動詞變化。「他去」「我去」「他們去」——動詞「去」永遠長一樣。你的大腦根本沒意識到英文動詞需要跟著主詞變。

怎麼改: 養成一個習慣——寫完英文句子後,問自己:「主詞是第三人稱單數嗎?」如果是,現在式的動詞要加 -s/-es。

學測考古出現過:

The number of students has increased dramatically.(不是 have——the number 才是主詞,是單數。)


錯誤 2:冠詞漏掉或多放 (Article Errors)

你寫的:

❌ I want to be teacher when I grow up. ❌ I like the music.(想表達「我喜歡音樂」泛指)

正確:

✅ I want to be a teacher when I grow up. ✅ I like music.(泛指不需要 the)

為什麼你會犯: 中文根本沒有冠詞這個概念。你不會說「一個老師」——你就說「老師」。所以你的大腦直接跳過 a/an/the。

怎麼改: 記住三個規則:

  1. 可數名詞單數前面一定要有 a/an/the/this/my 之類的限定詞——不能裸奔。
  2. 泛指的時候不用 the:Music is my passion.(不是 The music)
  3. 特指的時候要 the:The music in this movie is amazing.(有修飾語限定範圍)

學測考古出現過:

The discovery of penicillin changed the history of medicine.(特指那個發現、特指那段歷史)


錯誤 3:時態亂跳 (Tense Inconsistency)

你寫的:

❌ Yesterday I go to the store and buy some milk.

正確:

✅ Yesterday I went to the store and bought some milk.

為什麼你會犯: 中文動詞不變形。你說「我昨天去商店買牛奶」,「去」和「買」都不會變。英文要求每個動詞都「打卡」——發生在過去就全部用過去式。

怎麼改: 寫英文句子時,先決定「時間軸在哪」——過去?現在?然後每個動詞都統一時態,除非有明確理由換時態。

學測考古出現過:

The scientist conducted the experiment in 1998 and published the results two years later.(統一過去式)


錯誤 4:介系詞用錯 (Preposition Errors)

你寫的:

❌ I arrived to the airport at 8. ❌ I'm interested for science.

正確:

✅ I arrived at the airport at 8. ✅ I'm interested in science.

為什麼你會犯: 中文的介系詞很模糊。「到」「在」「去」有時候可以互換。但英文的介系詞搭配是固定的——arrive at/in(不是 to),interested in(不是 for),listen to(不是 listen at)。

怎麼改: 這沒有捷徑,就是背搭配詞(collocations)。但有個技巧:把「介系詞 + 名詞」當成一個整體來記。例如 interested in science → 記成一個詞組,不要拆開。

學測常見搭配:

  • depend on(不是 depend of)
  • consist of(不是 consist with)
  • apologize for(不是 apologize to something——apologize to someone 才對)
  • look forward to + V-ing(這個 to 是介系詞,後面接動名詞!)

錯誤 5:可數不可數搞混 (Countable vs. Uncountable)

你寫的:

❌ I need some informations about the program. ❌ She gave me a good advise.

正確:

✅ I need some information about the program. ✅ She gave me a good piece of advice.

為什麼你會犯: 中文的量詞系統跟英文不同。「一個資訊」「一些建議」聽起來很自然,但英文的 information, advice, furniture, homework, luggage 都是不可數名詞,不能加 -s,不能直接用 a/an。

怎麼改: 背一份「常見不可數名詞」清單。最常被搞錯的:

  • informations → information
  • advices → advice
  • furnitures → furniture
  • homeworks → homework
  • luggages → luggage
  • equipments → equipment
  • researches → research(當「研究」時不可數)

學測考古出現過:

The researcher gathered a great deal of information from the survey.


錯誤 6:be 動詞漏掉 (Missing Be-verb)

你寫的:

❌ She very happy today. ❌ The movie interesting.

正確:

✅ She is very happy today. ✅ The movie is interesting.

為什麼你會犯: 中文說「她很開心」,沒有任何動詞。你直覺翻譯就是 She very happy。但英文的句子一定要有動詞——描述狀態時用 be 動詞(am/is/are)。

怎麼改: 記住一個鐵則:英文句子不能沒有動詞。 當你要表達「A 是 B」「A 很...」的時候,中間一定要放 is/are/am。

學測考古出現過:

The results of the experiment were surprising to the researchers.


錯誤 7:代名詞性別搞錯 (Pronoun Gender Errors)

你寫的:

❌ My sister is a doctor. He works at a hospital. ❌ The cat is cute. She is a female cat.(你怎麼知道?)

正確:

✅ My sister is a doctor. She works at a hospital. ✅ The cat is cute. It is very friendly.(不知道性別用 it)

為什麼你會犯: 中文口語裡「他」「她」「它」的發音都是 tā,聽起來一模一樣。你的大腦對性別切換不敏感。

怎麼改: 讀到一個代名詞時,往前找它的先行詞(antecedent)——確認是男、是女、還是事物/動物。學測閱讀測驗超愛考這個:一個段落裡有 3、4 個 he/she/it/they,你必須搞清楚 each one refers to whom。


錯誤 8:very 萬能症候群 (Overusing "very")

你寫的:

❌ The movie is very good. ❌ She is very smart. ❌ The food was very delicious.

正確(更好的寫法):

✅ The movie is excellent / outstanding / impressive. ✅ She is brilliant / intelligent / sharp. ✅ The food was scrumptious / delightful / fantastic.

為什麼你犯: 這不算「文法錯誤」,但這是作文拿不到高分的主因。very good, very bad, very big —— 你用 very 修飾一切,結果文章讀起來像白開水。

怎麼改: 建立一個「very + 形容詞 → 單一更強的形容詞」替換表:

你的寫法 更好的寫法
very good excellent, superb, outstanding
very bad terrible, awful, dreadful
very big enormous, massive, vast
very small tiny, miniature, minute
very happy thrilled, delighted, overjoyed
very sad devastated, heartbroken, miserable
very important crucial, vital, essential

學測作文評分標準: 用詞變化(lexical variety)佔分。very 用太多,詞彙分直接被拉下來。


錯誤 9:中式直翻 (Direct Translation from Chinese)

你寫的:

❌ My English level is not very high.(我的英文程度不是很高) ❌ I very like basketball.(我很喜歡籃球) ❌ Although it was raining, but I went to school.(雖然下雨,但我去上學了)

正確:

✅ My English is not very strong. / I'm not very fluent in English. ✅ I like basketball very much. / I really like basketball. ✅ Although it was raining, I went to school.(英文不 although + but 連用!)

為什麼你犯: 你腦中有一個中文句子,然後一個字一個字翻成英文。問題是中文和英文的語序和邏輯結構不同

最致命的直翻陷阱:

  • ❌ Although...but... → ✅ 只能用其中一個(although 或 but)
  • ❌ Because...so... → ✅ 只能用其中一個(because 或 so)
  • ❌ I very like → ✅ I like...very much / I really like
  • ❌ My body is not healthy → ✅ I'm not in good health
  • ❌ Open the TV → ✅ Turn on the TV

學測考古出現過:

Although the plan failed, the team did not lose hope.(不能加 but)


錯誤 10:忘記加複數 (Forgetting Plurals)

你寫的:

❌ I have two dog. ❌ There are many student in the classroom.

正確:

✅ I have two dogs. ✅ There are many students in the classroom.

為什麼你犯: 中文名詞不變形。「一隻狗」「兩隻狗」「很多狗」——「狗」永遠長一樣。英文不光是加 -s 那麼簡單,還有一些不規則複數你必須記。

不規則複數常考:

  • child → children
  • person → people
  • mouse → mice
  • foot → feet
  • tooth → teeth
  • phenomenon → phenomena
  • criterion → criteria
  • datum → data(data 在現代英文中常當不可數用,但學測可能考你這個)

學測考古出現過:

The children were playing in the park while their parents watched.


🎯 自我檢測:你中了幾個?

下面 10 句,判斷對錯。正確的打 ✅,錯誤的打 ❌ 並改正。

  1. Every student need to submit the report by Friday.
  2. She is one of the best student in the class.
  3. Although he was tired, but he kept working.
  4. I have many informations about the topic.
  5. The news are very shocking.
  6. He arrived to the station late.
  7. My brother is nurse. He works in hospital.
  8. I very enjoy reading books.
  9. The police is investigating the case.
  10. Each of the students have their own opinion.

答案與解析

  1. ❌ → Every student needs...(第三人稱單數)
  2. ❌ → ...one of the best students...(one of the + 複數名詞)
  3. ❌ → Although he was tired, he kept working. / He was tired, but he kept working.(二擇一)
  4. ❌ → ...much information...(不可數)
  5. ❌ → The news is very shocking.(news 看起來像複數,但它是不可數單數)
  6. ❌ → He arrived at the station late.(arrive at 地點)
  7. ❌ → My brother is a nurse. He works in a hospital.(冠詞漏掉)
  8. ❌ → I really enjoy / I enjoy...very much.(very 不能直接修飾動詞)
  9. ❌ → The police are investigating...(police 是複數概念)
  10. ❌ → Each of the students has...(each 是單數)

你對了幾題?

  • 10 題全對: 恭喜!你的文法基礎很穩,專心衝閱讀和寫作就好。
  • 7-9 題對: 不錯,但有盲點。回去看你錯的那幾類,對應上面的說明複習。
  • 4-6 題對: 你需要系統性地重新整理文法觀念。建議從時態和冠詞開始。
  • 3 題以下: 別擔心,至少你知道自己的問題在哪了。這 10 個錯誤一個一個改,進步會很明顯。

威威的真心話

文法在學測裡大概佔 15% 的比重——很多老師會告訴你「不用花太多時間在文法上,多背單字多讀文章比較重要」。

這話沒錯。但我要補一句:

這 10 個錯誤不是「文法細節」——它們是「基本功」。

基本功不扎實,你在閱讀測驗裡也會搞混 he 和 she 指的是誰,在克漏字裡會選錯時態,在翻譯題裡會寫出 Although...but... 的句子。

好消息是:這 10 個錯誤都有固定的規則。不像閱讀理解需要培養語感,這些是你今天就可以開始改的。

每週挑 2 個錯誤專門練習。5 週後你就會發現:你的英文句子開始「長得像英文」了。

加油 💪

威威
威威 Willy
德國數學碩士、前 Amazon 資料科學家。數學是邏輯的語言,英文是世界的窗口。
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