台灣學生最常犯的 10 個文法錯誤(你中了幾個?)
想像這個場景:
你坐在學測考場上,英文科第二部分。你讀完一篇閱讀測驗,覺得「嗯,大概懂了」,然後開始選答案。出了考場你信心滿滿。成績出來——英文 12 級分,你覺得還行。但你仔細看,文法和句子結構的題目扣了 3 分。
3 分。可能就是你跟第一志願的距離。
我在台灣教英文快二十年,看過上萬份學生作文和模擬考卷。有些錯誤我每天至少看到 50 次。不是因為學生笨——是因為中文的邏輯跟英文不一樣,你的大腦會自動幫你「翻譯」,結果就掉進陷阱。
今天我列出 10 個最高頻的錯誤。每個都附上「為什麼你會犯」的中文邏輯分析,以及「怎麼改」的具體做法。文末有自我檢測小考——你可以先試試看自己中了幾個。
錯誤 1:主詞動詞不一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement)
你寫的:
❌ He go to school every day.
正確:
✅ He goes to school every day.
為什麼你會犯: 中文沒有動詞變化。「他去」「我去」「他們去」——動詞「去」永遠長一樣。你的大腦根本沒意識到英文動詞需要跟著主詞變。
怎麼改: 養成一個習慣——寫完英文句子後,問自己:「主詞是第三人稱單數嗎?」如果是,現在式的動詞要加 -s/-es。
學測考古出現過:
The number of students has increased dramatically.(不是 have——the number 才是主詞,是單數。)
錯誤 2:冠詞漏掉或多放 (Article Errors)
你寫的:
❌ I want to be ∅ teacher when I grow up. ❌ I like the music.(想表達「我喜歡音樂」泛指)
正確:
✅ I want to be a teacher when I grow up. ✅ I like music.(泛指不需要 the)
為什麼你會犯: 中文根本沒有冠詞這個概念。你不會說「一個老師」——你就說「老師」。所以你的大腦直接跳過 a/an/the。
怎麼改: 記住三個規則:
- 可數名詞單數前面一定要有 a/an/the/this/my 之類的限定詞——不能裸奔。
- 泛指的時候不用 the:Music is my passion.(不是 The music)
- 特指的時候要 the:The music in this movie is amazing.(有修飾語限定範圍)
學測考古出現過:
The discovery of penicillin changed the history of medicine.(特指那個發現、特指那段歷史)
錯誤 3:時態亂跳 (Tense Inconsistency)
你寫的:
❌ Yesterday I go to the store and buy some milk.
正確:
✅ Yesterday I went to the store and bought some milk.
為什麼你會犯: 中文動詞不變形。你說「我昨天去商店買牛奶」,「去」和「買」都不會變。英文要求每個動詞都「打卡」——發生在過去就全部用過去式。
怎麼改: 寫英文句子時,先決定「時間軸在哪」——過去?現在?然後每個動詞都統一時態,除非有明確理由換時態。
學測考古出現過:
The scientist conducted the experiment in 1998 and published the results two years later.(統一過去式)
錯誤 4:介系詞用錯 (Preposition Errors)
你寫的:
❌ I arrived to the airport at 8. ❌ I'm interested for science.
正確:
✅ I arrived at the airport at 8. ✅ I'm interested in science.
為什麼你會犯: 中文的介系詞很模糊。「到」「在」「去」有時候可以互換。但英文的介系詞搭配是固定的——arrive at/in(不是 to),interested in(不是 for),listen to(不是 listen at)。
怎麼改: 這沒有捷徑,就是背搭配詞(collocations)。但有個技巧:把「介系詞 + 名詞」當成一個整體來記。例如 interested in science → 記成一個詞組,不要拆開。
學測常見搭配:
- depend on(不是 depend of)
- consist of(不是 consist with)
- apologize for(不是 apologize to something——apologize to someone 才對)
- look forward to + V-ing(這個 to 是介系詞,後面接動名詞!)
錯誤 5:可數不可數搞混 (Countable vs. Uncountable)
你寫的:
❌ I need some informations about the program. ❌ She gave me a good advise.
正確:
✅ I need some information about the program. ✅ She gave me a good piece of advice.
為什麼你會犯: 中文的量詞系統跟英文不同。「一個資訊」「一些建議」聽起來很自然,但英文的 information, advice, furniture, homework, luggage 都是不可數名詞,不能加 -s,不能直接用 a/an。
怎麼改: 背一份「常見不可數名詞」清單。最常被搞錯的:
informations→ informationadvices→ advicefurnitures→ furniturehomeworks→ homeworkluggages→ luggageequipments→ equipmentresearches→ research(當「研究」時不可數)
學測考古出現過:
The researcher gathered a great deal of information from the survey.
錯誤 6:be 動詞漏掉 (Missing Be-verb)
你寫的:
❌ She ∅ very happy today. ❌ The movie ∅ interesting.
正確:
✅ She is very happy today. ✅ The movie is interesting.
為什麼你會犯: 中文說「她很開心」,沒有任何動詞。你直覺翻譯就是 She very happy。但英文的句子一定要有動詞——描述狀態時用 be 動詞(am/is/are)。
怎麼改: 記住一個鐵則:英文句子不能沒有動詞。 當你要表達「A 是 B」「A 很...」的時候,中間一定要放 is/are/am。
學測考古出現過:
The results of the experiment were surprising to the researchers.
錯誤 7:代名詞性別搞錯 (Pronoun Gender Errors)
你寫的:
❌ My sister is a doctor. He works at a hospital. ❌ The cat is cute. She is a female cat.(你怎麼知道?)
正確:
✅ My sister is a doctor. She works at a hospital. ✅ The cat is cute. It is very friendly.(不知道性別用 it)
為什麼你會犯: 中文口語裡「他」「她」「它」的發音都是 tā,聽起來一模一樣。你的大腦對性別切換不敏感。
怎麼改: 讀到一個代名詞時,往前找它的先行詞(antecedent)——確認是男、是女、還是事物/動物。學測閱讀測驗超愛考這個:一個段落裡有 3、4 個 he/she/it/they,你必須搞清楚 each one refers to whom。
錯誤 8:very 萬能症候群 (Overusing "very")
你寫的:
❌ The movie is very good. ❌ She is very smart. ❌ The food was very delicious.
正確(更好的寫法):
✅ The movie is excellent / outstanding / impressive. ✅ She is brilliant / intelligent / sharp. ✅ The food was scrumptious / delightful / fantastic.
為什麼你犯: 這不算「文法錯誤」,但這是作文拿不到高分的主因。very good, very bad, very big —— 你用 very 修飾一切,結果文章讀起來像白開水。
怎麼改: 建立一個「very + 形容詞 → 單一更強的形容詞」替換表:
| 你的寫法 | 更好的寫法 |
|---|---|
| very good | excellent, superb, outstanding |
| very bad | terrible, awful, dreadful |
| very big | enormous, massive, vast |
| very small | tiny, miniature, minute |
| very happy | thrilled, delighted, overjoyed |
| very sad | devastated, heartbroken, miserable |
| very important | crucial, vital, essential |
學測作文評分標準: 用詞變化(lexical variety)佔分。very 用太多,詞彙分直接被拉下來。
錯誤 9:中式直翻 (Direct Translation from Chinese)
你寫的:
❌ My English level is not very high.(我的英文程度不是很高) ❌ I very like basketball.(我很喜歡籃球) ❌ Although it was raining, but I went to school.(雖然下雨,但我去上學了)
正確:
✅ My English is not very strong. / I'm not very fluent in English. ✅ I like basketball very much. / I really like basketball. ✅ Although it was raining, I went to school.(英文不 although + but 連用!)
為什麼你犯: 你腦中有一個中文句子,然後一個字一個字翻成英文。問題是中文和英文的語序和邏輯結構不同。
最致命的直翻陷阱:
- ❌ Although...but... → ✅ 只能用其中一個(although 或 but)
- ❌ Because...so... → ✅ 只能用其中一個(because 或 so)
- ❌ I very like → ✅ I like...very much / I really like
- ❌ My body is not healthy → ✅ I'm not in good health
- ❌ Open the TV → ✅ Turn on the TV
學測考古出現過:
Although the plan failed, the team did not lose hope.(不能加 but)
錯誤 10:忘記加複數 (Forgetting Plurals)
你寫的:
❌ I have two dog. ❌ There are many student in the classroom.
正確:
✅ I have two dogs. ✅ There are many students in the classroom.
為什麼你犯: 中文名詞不變形。「一隻狗」「兩隻狗」「很多狗」——「狗」永遠長一樣。英文不光是加 -s 那麼簡單,還有一些不規則複數你必須記。
不規則複數常考:
- child → children
- person → people
- mouse → mice
- foot → feet
- tooth → teeth
- phenomenon → phenomena
- criterion → criteria
- datum → data(data 在現代英文中常當不可數用,但學測可能考你這個)
學測考古出現過:
The children were playing in the park while their parents watched.
🎯 自我檢測:你中了幾個?
下面 10 句,判斷對錯。正確的打 ✅,錯誤的打 ❌ 並改正。
- Every student need to submit the report by Friday.
- She is one of the best student in the class.
- Although he was tired, but he kept working.
- I have many informations about the topic.
- The news are very shocking.
- He arrived to the station late.
- My brother is nurse. He works in hospital.
- I very enjoy reading books.
- The police is investigating the case.
- Each of the students have their own opinion.
答案與解析
- ❌ → Every student needs...(第三人稱單數)
- ❌ → ...one of the best students...(one of the + 複數名詞)
- ❌ → Although he was tired, he kept working. / He was tired, but he kept working.(二擇一)
- ❌ → ...much information...(不可數)
- ❌ → The news is very shocking.(news 看起來像複數,但它是不可數單數)
- ❌ → He arrived at the station late.(arrive at 地點)
- ❌ → My brother is a nurse. He works in a hospital.(冠詞漏掉)
- ❌ → I really enjoy / I enjoy...very much.(very 不能直接修飾動詞)
- ❌ → The police are investigating...(police 是複數概念)
- ❌ → Each of the students has...(each 是單數)
你對了幾題?
- 10 題全對: 恭喜!你的文法基礎很穩,專心衝閱讀和寫作就好。
- 7-9 題對: 不錯,但有盲點。回去看你錯的那幾類,對應上面的說明複習。
- 4-6 題對: 你需要系統性地重新整理文法觀念。建議從時態和冠詞開始。
- 3 題以下: 別擔心,至少你知道自己的問題在哪了。這 10 個錯誤一個一個改,進步會很明顯。
威威的真心話
文法在學測裡大概佔 15% 的比重——很多老師會告訴你「不用花太多時間在文法上,多背單字多讀文章比較重要」。
這話沒錯。但我要補一句:
這 10 個錯誤不是「文法細節」——它們是「基本功」。
基本功不扎實,你在閱讀測驗裡也會搞混 he 和 she 指的是誰,在克漏字裡會選錯時態,在翻譯題裡會寫出 Although...but... 的句子。
好消息是:這 10 個錯誤都有固定的規則。不像閱讀理解需要培養語感,這些是你今天就可以開始改的。
每週挑 2 個錯誤專門練習。5 週後你就會發現:你的英文句子開始「長得像英文」了。
加油 💪