威威老師的文法特快車：不定詞與動名詞 (Infinitives & Gerunds)
哈囉各位同學！我是威威老師。
來，用 30 秒判斷下面這兩句的意思差多少：
- "He stopped to smoke."
- "He stopped smoking."
如果你以為兩句一樣——你被英文最大的「雙面間諜」陷阱抓到了！
實際上：
- stopped to smoke = 停下手邊的事，去抽煙（他停下來抽煙了）
- stopped smoking = 戒煙了（他不再抽煙）
這兩句意思完全相反！差別只在 to V vs. V-ing。
學測每年必考——拿不到這分數，你會看著分數掉 3-5 分扼腕。今天威威老師帶你把英文的「未來派」(to V) 和「經驗派」(V-ing) 徹底搞清——加上 6 個雙面間諜的記憶法。
繫好安全帶 🚂
課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 複習 被動語態
- The house ____ (build) right now.
- 改成被動：Someone must have taken the documents.（以 The documents 為主詞）
- 找出錯句：(A) The meeting was held. (B) The accident was occurred. (C) He was elected.
解答：
- is being built（現在進行被動）
- The documents must have been taken.（modal + have been + V-pp）
- (B) 錯誤 — occur 不及物，不能被動。
一、to V vs. V-ing — 兩種人生哲學
1-1 核心觀念
| 不定詞 to V | 動名詞 V-ing | |
|---|---|---|
| 形式 | to + 原形動詞 | 動詞 + ing |
| 靈魂 | 未來派——目的、計畫、還沒做 | 經驗派——習慣、持續、已發生 |
| 代表動詞 | want, decide, plan, hope | enjoy, finish, mind, avoid |
| 例子 | I want to go.（想要去） | I enjoy going.（享受去這件事） |
1-2 兩者都可以當名詞用
To travel around the world is my dream. ← 不定詞當主詞（偏「目標」）
Traveling around the world is my dream. ← 動名詞當主詞（偏「經驗」）
兩句意思幾乎一樣——但語感不同：
- To travel = 「我想要去做這件事」（未來感）
- Traveling = 「旅行這個行為／經驗」（事實感）
💡 威威核心比喻：to V 像是「箭頭朝未來射出」；V-ing 像是「事情正在發生／已發生」。
概念區辨即時練習（5 題）
1. Compare meanings: "I want to swim." vs. "I enjoy swimming."
2. Choose: I have _____ (study) abroad next year. (A) decided to go (B) decided going (C) enjoying (D) enjoyed to go
3. Translate: 「我喜歡讀書。」(Use enjoy)
4. 改錯：She finished to read the book.
5. Choose: ______ a new language is challenging but rewarding. (A) Learn (B) To learn (C) Learning (D) Both B and C
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：兩個的差別
- "I want to swim." = 我想要去游泳（未來，可能等等就去）
- "I enjoy swimming." = 我享受游泳（持續的興趣 / 經驗）
第 2 題：(A) decided to go ✅ decide + to V（決定要做）。
第 3 題：I enjoy reading. ✅ enjoy + V-ing。enjoy 後面永遠接 V-ing。
第 4 題：to read → reading ✅ 修正：She finished reading the book. 解析：finish + V-ing。
第 5 題：(D) Both B and C ✅ 兩者皆可當主詞——To learn / Learning a new language。
二、只接 to V 的動詞 — 「未來派」
這些動詞後面只能用 to V——它們的本質是「目的、計畫、還沒做的事」。
| 動詞 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| want | 想要 | I want to travel abroad. |
| need | 需要 | She needs to study harder. |
| decide | 決定 | He decided to quit. |
| plan | 計畫 | We plan to visit Japan. |
| hope | 希望 | They hope to win. |
| expect | 期待 | I expect to see you. |
| promise | 承諾 | He promised to come. |
| agree | 同意 | She agreed to help. |
| refuse | 拒絕 | He refused to answer. |
| offer | 主動提出 | She offered to drive me. |
| learn | 學習 | I learned to cook. |
| choose | 選擇 | She chose to stay. |
| manage | 設法 | He managed to finish. |
| fail | 沒能 | She failed to pass. |
| pretend | 假裝 | He pretended to be asleep. |
| seem / appear | 似乎 | He seems to know. |
| tend | 傾向 | He tends to forget. |
| prepare | 準備 | We prepared to leave. |
| afford | 負擔得起 | I can't afford to buy. |
| deserve | 值得 | She deserves to win. |
| arrange | 安排 | We arranged to meet. |
🎵 記憶口訣：「想要決定計畫希望，期待承諾同意拒絕；主動學習選擇設法，假裝似乎傾向準備負擔」
形容詞 + to V 句型
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| be + adj + to V | I am happy to see you. |
| It is + adj + to V | It is important to learn English. |
常見形容詞：happy, glad, sorry, ready, eager, afraid, willing, important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, possible, impossible
to V 動詞即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: She decided ______ a doctor. (A) being (B) to be (C) be (D) to being
2. 改錯：I want going to Japan next year.
3. Choose: He pretended ______ asleep. (A) sleeping (B) to sleep (C) to be (D) being
4. Translate: 「他答應準時到。」(Use promise + arrive)
5. Choose: I'm too tired ______ work tonight. (A) for (B) to (C) about (D) of
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) to be decide + to V。she decided to be a doctor.
第 2 題：going → to go ✅ I want to go to Japan.（want + to V）
第 3 題：(C) to be pretend + to V，"to be asleep" 表狀態。
第 4 題：He promised to arrive on time. ✅ promise + to V。
第 5 題：(B) to too + adj + to V = 太...以致無法...。 ✅ I'm too tired to work tonight.
三、只接 V-ing 的動詞 — 「經驗派」
這些動詞後面只能用 V-ing——本質是「經驗、持續、已發生」。
| 動詞/片語 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| enjoy | 享受 | I enjoy listening to music. |
| avoid | 避免 | She avoids eating junk food. |
| finish | 完成 | Have you finished writing? |
| mind | 介意 | Do you mind opening the window? |
| practice | 練習 | He practices playing the piano. |
| keep | 保持/繼續 | Keep trying! |
| suggest | 建議 | She suggested going to the beach. |
| consider | 考慮 | We are considering moving. |
| imagine | 想像 | Imagine living on Mars! |
| deny | 否認 | He denied stealing the money. |
| admit | 承認 | She admitted making a mistake. |
| risk | 冒險 | Don't risk losing your job. |
| miss | 想念/錯過 | I miss living in the countryside. |
| give up | 放棄 | He gave up smoking. |
| put off | 延遲 | Don't put off doing homework. |
| feel like | 想要 | I feel like watching a movie. |
| be used to | 習慣於 | She is used to working late. |
| look forward to | 期待 | I look forward to seeing you. |
| can't help | 忍不住 | I can't help laughing. |
| be worth | 值得 | The movie is worth watching. |
🎵 記憶口訣（MEGAFEPS+）：M(ind)・E(njoy)・G(ive up)・A(void)・F(inish)・E(scape)・P(ostpone)・S(uggest)
黃金鐵律：介系詞後面永遠接 V-ing！
be good at V-ing → She is good at swimming.
be interested in V-ing → He is interested in learning.
instead of V-ing → Instead of studying, he played.
thank you for V-ing → Thank you for helping me.
before/after V-ing → Before leaving, turn off lights.
by V-ing → You can improve by practicing.
without V-ing → He left without saying goodbye.
look forward to V-ing → I look forward to seeing you.
be used to V-ing → She is used to working late.
💎 特別提醒：look forward to 和 be used to 中的 to 是介系詞，不是不定詞！後面接 V-ing！
V-ing 動詞即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: I look forward to ______ from you soon. (A) hear (B) hearing (C) heard (D) hears
2. 改錯：She suggested to go to the beach.
3. Choose: He gave up ______ a year ago. (A) to smoke (B) smoking (C) smoke (D) smoked
4. Translate: 「他習慣早起。」(Use be used to)
5. Choose: It's no use ______ over spilt milk. (A) to cry (B) crying (C) cry (D) cried
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) hearing ✅ look forward to + V-ing。to 是介系詞！
第 2 題：to go → going ✅ She suggested going to the beach.（suggest + V-ing）。
第 3 題：(B) smoking ✅ give up + V-ing = 戒掉。
第 4 題：He is used to getting up early. ✅ be used to + V-ing。 💎 對比：He used to + V (原形) = 他以前常做（現在不做了）。
第 5 題：(B) crying ✅ It's no use + V-ing = 做...也沒用。覆水難收（Don't cry over spilt milk）。
四、雙面間諜：6 個動詞 to V vs. V-ing 意思不同！
🚨 學測超高頻考點！這 6 個動詞接不同形式，意思天差地遠！
4-1 stop
| to V | V-ing | |
|---|---|---|
| 意思 | 停下來去做另一件事 | 停止正在做的事 |
| 例句 | He stopped to smoke.（停下來去抽煙） | He stopped smoking.（戒煙了） |
4-2 remember
| to V | V-ing | |
|---|---|---|
| 意思 | 記得要做（還沒做） | 記得做過（已做） |
| 例句 | Remember to lock the door.（記得鎖門） | I remember locking the door.（記得鎖了） |
4-3 forget
| to V | V-ing | |
|---|---|---|
| 意思 | 忘記要做 | 忘記做過 |
| 例句 | I forgot to call her.（忘了打電話） | I'll never forget visiting Paris.（永遠記得去過巴黎） |
4-4 try
| to V | V-ing | |
|---|---|---|
| 意思 | 努力／嘗試做（未必成功） | 試試看這個方法 |
| 例句 | He tried to open the door.（努力要打開門） | He tried opening the door.（試了開門這方法） |
4-5 mean
| to V | V-ing | |
|---|---|---|
| 意思 | 打算做某事 | 意味著某事 |
| 例句 | I mean to finish today.（我打算今天完成） | This means waiting another hour.（這意味著要再等一小時） |
4-6 regret
| to V | V-ing | |
|---|---|---|
| 意思 | 遺憾地要說（現在） | 後悔做過（過去） |
| 例句 | I regret to tell you...（很遺憾要告訴你） | I regret not studying harder.（後悔當初沒讀） |
4-7 終極對照表
| 動詞 | + to V | + V-ing |
|---|---|---|
| stop | 停下來去做 | 停止做 |
| remember | 記得要做 | 記得做過 |
| forget | 忘記要做 | 忘記做過 |
| try | 努力做 | 試試方法 |
| mean | 打算做 | 意味著 |
| regret | 遺憾要說 | 後悔做過 |
💡 威威核心：to V = 「還沒做 / 未來」；V-ing = 「已做 / 經驗」——這個方向永遠是對的！
雙面間諜即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: Please remember ______ the door when you leave. (A) to lock (B) locking (C) lock (D) locked
2. Translate: 「我記得我去過那家餐廳。」(Use remember + V-ing)
3. Choose: He stopped ______ when he saw a friend across the street. (A) walking (B) to walk (C) walked (D) to walking
4. Translate two sentences: (a) 「我後悔沒早點告訴她。」(Use regret + V-ing) (b) 「我很遺憾要告訴你壞消息。」(Use regret + to V)
5. Choose: She tried ______ the heavy box, but it wouldn't move. (A) to lift (B) lifting
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(A) to lock ✅ 「記得要鎖」（還沒鎖）→ remember + to V。
第 2 題：I remember visiting that restaurant. ✅ remember + V-ing = 記得做過。
第 3 題：(B) to walk ✅ 「停下來去（看朋友）」→ stop + to V（中斷一動作去做另一動作）。 💎 (A) stopped walking 也對，但意思不同：「停止走路（站住）」。
第 4 題： (a) I regret not telling her earlier.（後悔沒做） (b) I regret to tell you the bad news.（遺憾要告訴）
第 5 題：(A) to lift ✅ try + to V = 努力嘗試（未必成功）→ "tried to lift, but it wouldn't move" 強調努力但失敗。 💎 (B) tried lifting 也通，但語意是「試試看抬」這個方法，後面通常接「不行，於是試別的方法」。
五、to V / V-ing 當主詞 + 形式主詞 it
5-1 直接當主詞（少見，較正式）
To learn English is important. ← 不定詞
Learning English is important. ← 動名詞
5-2 更常見：用 It 當虛主詞
It is important to learn English.
^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
虛主詞 真正的主詞
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| It is + adj + to V | It is necessary to study hard. |
| It takes + 時間 + to V | It takes two hours to get there. |
| It is + N + to V | It is a pity to miss the show. |
5-3 V-ing 專屬句型
| 句型 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| It is no use + V-ing | 做...也沒用 | It is no use arguing with him. |
| It is no good + V-ing | 做...沒好處 | It is no good worrying. |
| There is no + V-ing | 不可能做... | There is no knowing what will happen. |
💎 這幾個句型只能用 V-ing，不能用 to V！學測愛考！
形式主詞即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: ______ is important to drink enough water. (A) That (B) This (C) It (D) He
2. Translate: 「跟他爭論沒用。」(Use It is no use)
3. Choose: It takes me 30 minutes ______ to school. (A) get (B) to get (C) getting (D) gotten
4. 改錯：It is no use to cry over spilt milk.
5. Translate: 「為這件事擔心沒好處。」(Use It is no good + V-ing)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(C) It 形式主詞 it。
第 2 題：It is no use arguing with him.
第 3 題：(B) to get It takes + 時間 + to V。
第 4 題：to cry → crying ✅ It is no use crying over spilt milk.
第 5 題：It is no good worrying about this.
六、被動使役：be made to V
詳細的使役/感官動詞會在使役動詞與分詞和感官動詞講。今天先記一條重要規則：
主動：She made him cry. ← 不加 to
被動：He was made to cry. ← 被動要還原 to！
🎯 威威口訣：「主動省 to，被動還 to！」
| 動詞 | 主動 | 被動 |
|---|---|---|
| make | make + O + VR | be made + to V |
| see | see + O + VR/V-ing | be seen + to V / V-ing |
| hear | hear + O + VR/V-ing | be heard + to V / V-ing |
被動使役即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: He was made ______ the entire report again. (A) rewrite (B) to rewrite (C) rewriting (D) rewrote
2. Active to passive: "The teacher made the students study harder."
3. Choose: She was seen ______ the building at midnight. (A) enter (B) to enter (C) entering (D) Both B and C
4. Translate: 「他被迫離開公司。」(Use be made to leave)
5. 改錯：The thief was made tell the truth.
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) to rewrite 被動使役 → be made + to V。
第 2 題：The students were made to study harder. ✅ make 主動 + 原形 → 被動 + to V。
第 3 題：(D) Both B and C 被動感官動詞：be seen + to V（看到全過程） / be seen + V-ing（看到正在進行）。
第 4 題：He was made to leave the company.
第 5 題：tell → to tell ✅ 修正：The thief was made to tell the truth.（被動還原 to！）
七、考試陷阱大整理
學測 to V vs. V-ing 考題的 5 大陷阱
陷阱 1：look forward to + V-ing
這個 to 是介系詞！後面接 V-ing。
陷阱 2：be used to + V-ing vs. used to + V
- be used to + V-ing = 習慣於（現在的習慣）
- used to + V = 以前常做（現在不做了）
兩個意思完全不同！
陷阱 3：suggest 後面接 V-ing
❌ She suggested to go. ✅ She suggested going.
陷阱 4：6 個雙面間諜
stop / remember / forget / try / mean / regret——意思天差地遠！
陷阱 5：be made to V（被動還原 to）
主動 make + O + VR → 被動 be made + to V！
章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題
基礎題 (1-10)
1. I enjoy ______ (listen) to music after school.
2. She decided ______ (study) abroad next year.
3. He stopped ______ (smoke) last month. Now he's much healthier.
4. Remember ______ (turn off) the lights before you leave.
5. We are looking forward to ______ (hear) from you soon.
6. I can't afford ______ (buy) such an expensive car.
7. The teacher suggested ______ (review) the lesson before the exam.
8. Do you mind ______ (close) the window? It's cold.
9. She pretended ______ (not see) me when I walked past.
10. Instead of ______ (complain), you should take action.
進階題 (11-20)
11. I'll never forget ______ (visit) the Grand Canyon for the first time.
12. He tried ______ (open) the jar with a knife, but it didn't work.
13. 改錯：She is good at to play basketball.
14. It is important ______ (protect) the environment for future generations.
15. Choose: He was made ______ the entire report again. (A) rewrite (B) to rewrite (C) rewriting (D) rewrote
16. I regret ______ (tell) you that your application has been rejected.
17. Choose: The boss expected the report ______ by yesterday. (A) to finish (B) finishing (C) to be finished (D) being finished
18. There is no ______ (deny) that climate change is a serious issue.
19. She denied ______ (take) the money from the drawer.
20. ______ (travel) abroad has broadened my perspective.（用 V-ing 當主詞）
挑戰題 (21-30)
21. Choose: I stopped ______ (talk) to my friend because I had to catch the bus, but I'll never stop ______ (care) about you. (A) talking / caring (B) to talk / caring (C) to talk / to care (D) talking / to care
22. Convert: "He is too young to understand this." → 用 It is ... for sb to V 改寫。
23. Choose: The man was seen ______ the building at 10 PM last night. (A) enter (B) to enter (C) entering (D) Both B and C
24. Fill in: (a) I remember ______ (lock) the door, but somehow it was open this morning. (b) Remember ______ (call) your grandmother on her birthday.
25. Choose all correct: (A) She suggested to go to the movies. (B) I look forward to see you again. (C) He is used to working late at night. (D) They denied to steal the money.
26. Translate three sentences: (a) 「他習慣每天早上 6 點起床。」(Use be used to) (b) 「我們建議她去看醫生。」(Use suggest) (c) 「請別忘了把報告交來。」(Use don't forget + to V)
27. Find errors: (a) "I can't help to laugh at his jokes." (b) "She enjoys to read novels." (c) "Stop to talk in class!"（老師大喊）
28. Distinguish meaning: (a) "I forgot to lock the door." vs. "I forgot locking the door." (b) "She tried to learn Japanese." vs. "She tried learning Japanese."
29. Translate: (a) 「她打算成為醫生。」(Use mean + to V) (b) 「下雨意味著我們不能去野餐。」(Use mean + V-ing) (c) 「我後悔沒早點開始準備。」(Use regret + V-ing)
30. Terminal challenge—rewrite fixing all errors: "My sister wants studying abroad. She enjoys to learn new languages. She is used to study every day for hours. Last week, she stopped to smoke and started exercising. She suggested me to do the same. I'm looking forward to see her achieve her dreams."
章末總測驗 解答與詳解
基礎題 解答
第 1 題：listening — enjoy + V-ing。
第 2 題：to study — decide + to V。
第 3 題：smoking — stop + V-ing = 戒煙。
第 4 題：to turn off — remember + to V = 記得要做。
第 5 題：hearing — look forward to + V-ing（to 是介系詞！）。
第 6 題：to buy — afford + to V。
第 7 題：reviewing — suggest + V-ing。
第 8 題：closing — mind + V-ing。
第 9 題：not to see — pretend + (not) to V。
第 10 題：complaining — instead of + V-ing。
進階題 解答
第 11 題：visiting forget + V-ing = 忘記做過（記憶經驗）。
第 12 題：opening try + V-ing = 試試這個方法。
第 13 題：to play → playing ✅ at 是介系詞 → 接 V-ing。
第 14 題：to protect It is + adj + to V。
第 15 題：(B) to rewrite 被動使役 → be made + to V。
第 16 題：to tell regret + to V = 遺憾要說（現在的動作）。
第 17 題：(C) to be completed 報告是被完成的 → 被動不定詞。
第 18 題：denying There is no + V-ing = 不可能做...。
第 19 題：taking deny + V-ing。
第 20 題：Traveling V-ing 當主詞。
挑戰題 解答
第 21 題：(B) to talk / caring 第一空：stopped to talk = 停下手邊事去說話（短暫動作）。 第二空：never stop caring = 永遠不停止關心（持續狀態）。
第 22 題：It is too difficult for him to understand this. ✅ 也可寫：It is hard for him to understand this.（more natural）
第 23 題：(D) Both B and C 被動感官動詞：be seen + to V（全過程）/ V-ing（進行中）。
第 24 題： (a) locking — 記得做過了（鎖了）但門卻開著（怪事）。 (b) to call — 記得要做（還沒打）。
第 25 題：(C) (A) ✗ suggested + V-ing → going (B) ✗ look forward to + V-ing → seeing (C) ✓ be used to + V-ing (D) ✗ denied + V-ing → stealing
第 26 題：翻譯 (a) He is used to getting up at 6 every morning. (b) We suggested that she (should) see a doctor.（或 We suggested seeing a doctor.） (c) Don't forget to submit your report.
第 27 題：找錯 (a) "to laugh" → laughing（can't help + V-ing） (b) "to read" → reading（enjoy + V-ing） (c) "Stop to talk" → Stop talking（停止說話 → V-ing）
第 28 題：意思區辨 (a) "forgot to lock" = 忘記要鎖（沒鎖）/ "forgot locking" = 忘記鎖過（鎖了但忘記） (b) "tried to learn Japanese" = 努力學日文（很拼）/ "tried learning Japanese" = 試試學日文這方法
第 29 題：翻譯 (a) She means to be a doctor.（mean + to V = 打算） (b) Rain means canceling the picnic.（mean + V-ing = 意味著） (c) I regret not starting earlier.（regret + V-ing = 後悔做過/沒做）
第 30 題：完整修正 原段：My sister wants studying abroad. She enjoys to learn new languages. She is used to study every day. Last week, she stopped to smoke and started exercising. She suggested me to do the same. I'm looking forward to see her achieve her dreams.
✅ 修正版： "My sister wants to study abroad. She enjoys learning new languages. She is used to studying every day. Last week, she stopped smoking and started exercising. She suggested (that I do) the same / She suggested doing the same. I'm looking forward to seeing her achieve her dreams."
修正了 6 處：
- wants studying → wants to study（want + to V）
- enjoys to learn → enjoys learning（enjoy + V-ing）
- is used to study → is used to studying（be used to + V-ing）
- stopped to smoke → stopped smoking（戒煙 → V-ing）
- suggested me to do → suggested doing / suggested that I do（suggest 不能跟 sb to do 結構）
- looking forward to see → looking forward to seeing（to 是介系詞）
課前快問 解答
詳見前面解答區。
自我評分
| 分數（30 題） | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 威威等級 | 不定詞動名詞精通！進入使役動詞與分詞。 |
| 22-26 | 穩健等級 | 重點複習：6 個雙面間諜、look forward to + V-ing、be used to + V-ing。 |
| 16-21 | 加油等級 | 把「to V 派」「V-ing 派」動詞表背熟。 |
| 0-15 | 再出發 | 從介系詞 + V-ing 鐵律開始。 |
複習計畫
時間 內容 今天 全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗 第 3 天 默寫 to V 派和 V-ing 派動詞表 第 7 天 6 個雙面間諜各造 to V 和 V-ing 兩句 第 14 天 找一篇英文文章，圈出所有不定詞和動名詞 考試前 重看「5 大陷阱」 + 6 個雙面間諜
學習科學小知識：精緻化編碼 (Elaborative Encoding)
單純背 "enjoy + V-ing" 會很快忘掉。但如果你把它跟自己的生活連結：
- "I enjoy playing basketball after school because it helps me relax."
大腦會建立多重連結——記憶就會更牢固。
應用：每個動詞用自己的生活造一句——把文法跟個人經驗綁在一起，記憶從「死背」升級為「個人經驗」。
上一篇： 被動語態 下一篇： 使役動詞與分詞 相關主題： 感官動詞 | 分詞構句
