威威老師的文法特快車：時式入門 (Introduction to Tenses)
哈囉各位同學！我是威威老師。
中文裡只要說「我吃飯」，可以是過去、現在、未來——時間靠前後文或時間副詞判斷。但英文不一樣。英文的動詞會變身——同一個 eat 可以變成 ate, eats, will eat, am eating, have eaten...光是一個動詞就有一堆面孔。
為什麼這麼麻煩？因為英文要求動詞自己告訴你「這件事什麼時候發生」「狀態如何」「還在進行還是已經完成」。
英文有 12 種時態——聽起來嚇人？別擔心。4 種就涵蓋日常 80%——今天我們先把這 4 種搞透：
🚂 現在簡單、過去簡單、未來簡單、現在進行——這四個是英文時態的「四大金剛」。
繫好安全帶 🚂
🎧 聽力課程
📊 投影片教材
課前快問 (Pre-Quiz)
先憑直覺答：
- 「I ____ (go) to school every day.」空格填什麼？
- 「She ____ (watch) TV now.」用現在簡單還是現在進行？
- 「I will call you」和「I am going to call you」意思有什麼微妙的不同？
寫下答案再往下看 👇
一、英文 12 種時態的全景圖
英文時態 = 時間 (Time) × 體 (Aspect)：
| 簡單 (Simple) | 進行 (Continuous) | 完成 (Perfect) | 完成進行 (Perfect Continuous) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 現在 | 現在簡單 | 現在進行 | 現在完成 | 現在完成進行 |
| 過去 | 過去簡單 | 過去進行 | 過去完成 | 過去完成進行 |
| 未來 | 未來簡單 | 未來進行 | 未來完成 | 未來完成進行 |
💡 威威白話：
- 時間 = 什麼時候（現在 / 過去 / 未來）
- 體 = 動作的進度狀態（簡單 = 一次性 / 進行 = 持續中 / 完成 = 已經做完）
12 種時態就是這 3×4 的組合。今天我們攻 4 種（粗體區）：現在簡單、過去簡單、未來簡單、現在進行。其他 8 種會在 19 進階時式 解鎖。
二、現在簡單式 (Present Simple)
2-1 用法 — 「常態 / 真理 / 排程」
| 用法 | 說明 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 習慣 | 經常做的動作 | I eat breakfast at 7 AM. |
| 事實/真理 | 永遠不變 | The sun rises in the east. |
| 狀態 | 目前的情況 | She is a teacher. |
| 固定排程 | 按時間表發生 | The train leaves at 9 AM. |
2-2 公式
| 句型 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | S + V (三單加 s/es) | He plays tennis. |
| 否定 | S + do/does + not + 原形 V | He doesn't play tennis. |
| 疑問 | Do/Does + S + 原形 V? | Does he play tennis? |
2-3 信號字 (Signal Words)
看到這些字 → 八成是現在簡單式：
頻率副詞（按頻率高低排）：
always(100%) > usually(80%) > often(60%) > sometimes(40%) > seldom(20%) > rarely(10%) > never(0%)
| 副詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| always | She always wakes up early. |
| usually | I usually drink coffee. |
| often | He often reads novels. |
| sometimes | We sometimes eat out. |
| seldom / rarely | She rarely gets angry. |
| never | I never smoke. |
| every day/week... | They play every day. |
💎 頻率副詞位置： 在 be 動詞後面，在一般動詞前面——
- She is always late. ✓
- She always arrives late. ✓
She arrives always late.❌
2-4 三單現拼字規則
主詞是「他/她/它/單數名詞」時，動詞要加 s/es！
| 規則 | 加法 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般動詞 | 直接 + s | play → plays |
| s, x, ch, sh, o 結尾 | + es | go → goes, watch → watches |
| 子音 + y 結尾 | y → ies | study → studies |
| 母音 + y 結尾 | 直接 + s | play → plays, buy → buys |
| 特殊變化 | 不規則 | have → has |
現在簡單式即時練習（5 題）
1. Fill in: She ______ (study) Japanese every weekend.
2. Choose: My brother ______ vegetables. (A) hate (B) hates (C) is hating (D) has hate
3. 改錯：He don't like spicy food.
4. Place the adverb correctly: "She ______ (always) ______ to the gym ______." (插入 always 的正確位置) 原句：She goes to the gym.
5. Translate: 「太陽從東邊升起。」
寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：studies 解析：every weekend → 現在簡單式。She 三單，study 是「子音(d) + y」結尾 → y 變 ies → studies。
第 2 題：(B) hates 解析：My brother 三單 → 一般動詞加 s → hates。 ❌ (C) is hating——hate 是狀態動詞（喜歡/討厭/相信），通常不用進行式！
第 3 題：don't → doesn't ✅ 修正：He doesn't like spicy food. 解析：He 三單 → 用 doesn't（不是 don't）。後面動詞 like 保持原形（doesn't 已帶三單標記）。
第 4 題：She always goes to the gym. (always 放在一般動詞前面) ✅ 完整：She always goes to the gym. 解析：always 是頻率副詞，放在一般動詞 (goes) 前面。 對比 be 動詞：She is always late.（always 在 be 後面）。 ❌ 錯誤位置：She goes always... / Always she goes...（雖偶見，但不自然）
第 5 題：The sun rises in the east. ✅ 解析：「太陽升起」是永恆真理 → 現在簡單式。The sun 三單 → rises（rise + s）。 💎 經典科學事實/真理句，固定用現在簡單式。
三、過去簡單式 (Past Simple)
3-1 用法 — 「過去發生過了」
| 用法 | 說明 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 過去的動作 | 已經結束 | I visited Tokyo last year. |
| 過去的狀態 | 那時的情況 | She was a student then. |
| 過去的習慣 | 以前常做但現在不了 | I played outside as a kid. |
3-2 公式
| 句型 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | S + V-ed / 不規則動詞過去式 | She walked home. |
| 否定 | S + did + not + 原形 V | She didn't walk home. |
| 疑問 | Did + S + 原形 V? | Did she walk home? |
🚨 關鍵： 否定/疑問用 did 之後，動詞打回原形！
3-3 規則動詞加 ed 的 4 種拼法
| 規則 | 加法 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般動詞 | + ed | walk → walked |
| e 結尾 | + d | live → lived |
| 子音 + y 結尾 | y → ied | study → studied |
| 子音+母音+子音（單音節） | 雙寫 + ed | stop → stopped |
3-4 信號字
| 信號 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| yesterday | I saw him yesterday. |
| last + 時間 | We met last Monday. |
| ... ago | She left two hours ago. |
| in + 過去年份 | He was born in 2010. |
| just now | They finished just now. |
| back then / those days | Those days were happy. |
3-5 50 個高頻不規則動詞 — 必背！
A. AAA 型（三態同形）
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cut | cut | cut | 切 |
| put | put | put | 放 |
| read* | read | read | 讀 (*發音不同：/riːd/ → /rɛd/ → /rɛd/) |
| let | let | let | 讓 |
| hit | hit | hit | 打 |
| set | set | set | 設定 |
| cost | cost | cost | 花費 |
| shut | shut | shut | 關 |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | 傷害 |
B. ABA 型（過去式不同，過去分詞 = 原形）
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| come | came | come | 來 |
| become | became | become | 成為 |
| run | ran | run | 跑 |
C. ABB 型（過去式 = 過去分詞，但跟原形不同）
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| meet | met | met | 遇見 |
| keep | kept | kept | 保持 |
| sleep | slept | slept | 睡 |
| feel | felt | felt | 感覺 |
| leave | left | left | 離開 |
| buy | bought | bought | 買 |
| bring | brought | brought | 帶來 |
| think | thought | thought | 想 |
| catch | caught | caught | 抓 |
| teach | taught | taught | 教 |
| build | built | built | 建造 |
| send | sent | sent | 寄 |
| spend | spent | spent | 花 |
| lose | lost | lost | 失去 |
| sit | sat | sat | 坐 |
| get | got | got/gotten | 得到 |
| stand | stood | stood | 站 |
| pay | paid | paid | 付 |
| say | said | said | 說 |
| sell | sold | sold | 賣 |
| tell | told | told | 告訴 |
| hear | heard | heard | 聽見 |
| have | had | had | 有 |
| make | made | made | 做 |
| win | won | won | 贏 |
| find | found | found | 找到 |
D. ABC 型（三態都不同 — 最難記）
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone | 去 |
| see | saw | seen | 看見 |
| do | did | done | 做 |
| eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
| take | took | taken | 拿 |
| give | gave | given | 給 |
| write | wrote | written | 寫 |
| speak | spoke | spoken | 說 |
| break | broke | broken | 打破 |
| choose | chose | chosen | 選擇 |
| drive | drove | driven | 開車 |
| fly | flew | flown | 飛 |
| grow | grew | grown | 成長 |
| know | knew | known | 知道 |
| ride | rode | ridden | 騎 |
| sing | sang | sung | 唱 |
| swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
| throw | threw | thrown | 丟 |
| wear | wore | worn | 穿 |
| draw | drew | drawn | 畫 |
| begin | began | begun | 開始 |
💎 威威記法： 不要死背！按 AAA / ABA / ABB / ABC 分組記，配合故事或順口溜。 例如 ABB 群裡有個 group：think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught — 都念 /ɔːt/ 結尾，押韻！
過去簡單式即時練習（5 題）
1. Fill in (past tense): She ______ (write) a beautiful letter yesterday.
2. 改錯：Did you went to the party last night?
3. Choose: This jacket ______ me only $30 last week. (A) cost (B) costed (C) costs (D) was cost （注意：cost 是不規則動詞）
4. Translate: 「他兩年前學會了開車。」(用 learn / drive)
5. Find the verb that's spelled the same but pronounced differently: "I read books every day. Yesterday I read a great novel."
寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：wrote 解析：write 的過去式是 wrote（ABC 型不規則動詞）。yesterday → 過去式信號字。
第 2 題：went → go ✅ 修正：Did you go to the party last night? 解析：Did 出場後，後面動詞打回原形 (go)。went 是過去式，不能跟 did 同時出現。
第 3 題：(A) cost ✅ 完整：This jacket cost me only $30 last week. 解析：cost 是 AAA 型不規則動詞——過去式還是 cost（沒 -ed）！last week 是過去時間信號。 ❌ "costed" 不是字（除非當作「估算成本」的特殊用法）。 💎 同類陷阱：cut, put, hit, hurt, set, let, shut——全都過去式不變！
第 4 題：He learned to drive two years ago. ✅ 解析：
- 「兩年前」→ 過去式（two years ago 是經典過去式信號）。
- 「學會開車」= learned to drive（learn to + V）。
- learn 是規則動詞 → learned。 💎 "learned" 美式拼法 / "learnt" 英式拼法，兩種都對。
第 5 題：read ✅ 解析：read 是 AAA 型——三態拼字相同，但發音不同！
- 現在式 read 念 /riːd/（同 reed，「綠葉」）。
- 過去式 read 念 /rɛd/（同 red，「紅色」）。 💎 經典英文陷阱字！考試會用「發音」題測試學生是否分辨得出。
四、未來式 (Future Simple) — will vs. be going to
4-1 兩種表達未來的方式
英文表達未來主要有兩種：will 和 be going to——它們意思相近但不完全一樣！
A. will + 原形 V
| 用法 | 說明 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 預測 | 主觀覺得會發生 | It will rain tomorrow. |
| 臨時決定 | 當下決定要做 | "Phone's ringing." "I will answer it." |
| 承諾 | 答應別人 | I will help you. |
| 客觀未來 | 一定會發生 | The sun will rise at 6 AM. |
B. be going to + 原形 V
| 用法 | 說明 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 計畫 | 早就想好的事 | I am going to study abroad. |
| 有跡象 | 看得到徵兆即將發生 | Look at the clouds! It is going to rain. |
4-2 will vs. be going to 大對決
| 情境 | will | be going to |
|---|---|---|
| 預測 | I think he will win.（個人想法） | Look! He is going to win!（看跡象） |
| 決定 | I will help you!（臨時決定） | I am going to help you.（早就計畫） |
| 天氣 | It will be cold tomorrow.（一般預測） | It is going to rain.（看烏雲了） |
| 計畫 | I am going to visit Japan next month. ✓ | |
| 承諾 | I will always love you. ✓ | |
| 拒絕 | I won't do it! ✓ | I am not going to do it.（也可，但較弱） |
| 提議 | Will you open the door? ✓ |
💡 威威黃金口訣：
- 早就計畫好的事 → be going to
- 臨時起意 / 預測 / 承諾 → will
- 看到徵兆 → be going to
4-3 信號字
| 信號 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| tomorrow | I will go tomorrow. |
| next + 時間 | She will visit next week. |
| soon | They are coming soon. |
| later | I'll do it later. |
| in + 一段時間 | He will return in two days. |
| by + 時間 | I'll finish by 5 PM. |
未來式即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: "Look at those dark clouds! It ______ rain." (A) will (B) is going to (C) rains (D) is raining
2. Choose: "Your phone is ringing." "Don't worry, I ______ get it." (A) will (B) am going to (C) am (D) get
3. Translate: 「我下個月要去日本玩。」(行程已定，用 be going to)
4. 改錯：I will to call you later.
5. Choose all sentences using future tense correctly: (A) I am going to studying tonight. (B) I will study tonight. (C) Tomorrow I am studying with friends.（已安排） (D) I will to study tonight.
寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) is going to 解析：「看到烏雲」= 已經看到徵兆 → 用 be going to。 對比：(A) will 是純預測，沒有看到證據；題目強調 "Look at..."（看到了），所以用 be going to 更貼切。
第 2 題：(A) will 解析：「電話響了，我去接」= 當下臨時決定 → 用 will。 ❌ (B) am going to 表示「早就計畫接電話」，不符合臨時決定的情境。 💎 經典口訣：「現場決定用 will，早有計畫用 be going to」。
第 3 題：I am going to Japan next month. (or: I am going to travel to Japan next month.) ✅ 兩種寫法都對：
- I am going to Japan next month.（直接用 go 表「去」）
- I am going to travel to Japan next month.（強調「旅行」） 💎 行程已定 → be going to 比 will 更自然。
第 4 題：to → 刪除 ✅ 修正：I will call you later. 解析：will 是助動詞，後面直接接原形動詞，不加 to！ 對比：be going to 後面接原形動詞（go to + V → going to + V）——because 結構是 going + to V。 💎 經典陷阱：will + V vs. be going to + V——一個沒 to，一個有 to！
第 5 題：(B)(C) 正確 (A) ❌ "am going to studying" → going to + 原形動詞 (study)，不能用 V-ing。 (B) ✓ I will study tonight. → will + 原形 V，正確。 (C) ✓ Tomorrow I am studying with friends. → 用現在進行式表未來（已安排的計畫）！ 💎 進階觀念：be V-ing 也可以表「已安排好的未來」，等同於 be going to。 (D) ❌ "will to study" → will 後面不加 to。
五、現在進行式 (Present Continuous)
5-1 用法 — 「正在做 / 暫時的 / 安排好的未來」
| 用法 | 說明 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 此刻正在做 | 現在這個瞬間 | I am writing a letter now. |
| 近期暫時的狀態 | 這陣子在做的事 | She is studying French this semester. |
| 已安排的未來 | 已經安排好的計畫 | We are leaving tomorrow. |
5-2 公式
| 句型 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | S + am/is/are + V-ing | She is reading a book. |
| 否定 | S + am/is/are + not + V-ing | She isn't reading a book. |
| 疑問 | Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing? | Is she reading a book? |
5-3 V-ing 拼字規則
| 規則 | 加法 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般動詞 | + ing | play → playing |
| e 結尾 | 去 e + ing | make → making |
| 子音+母音+子音（單音節，重音在最後） | 雙寫 + ing | run → running |
| ie 結尾 | ie → y + ing | die → dying, lie → lying |
雙寫常見例子：
| 原形 | V-ing | 原形 | V-ing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| run | running | sit | sitting | |
| stop | stopping | swim | swimming | |
| put | putting | begin | beginning | |
| plan | planning | forget | forgetting | |
| cut | cutting | get | getting |
5-4 信號字
| 信號 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| now | I am eating now. |
| right now | She is sleeping right now. |
| at the moment | They are studying at the moment. |
| Look! | Look! It is raining! |
| Listen! | Listen! Someone is singing! |
| currently | He is currently working on a project. |
5-5 不能用進行式的「狀態動詞」
有些動詞表達「狀態」（不是動作）——不用進行式！
| 類型 | 動詞 |
|---|---|
| 心理狀態 | know, believe, understand, think (= 認為), forget, remember, recognize |
| 情感 | like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, wish |
| 感官 | see (看見), hear, smell (聞到), taste (嘗起來) |
| 所有/包含 | have (擁有), own, belong, contain, include, consist of |
| 存在/狀態 | be, seem, appear, exist |
❌ I am knowing the answer. → ✅ I know the answer. ❌ She is loving music. → ✅ She loves music. ❌ This box is containing books. → ✅ This box contains books.
💎 特殊例外：have
- have = 擁有 → 不用進行式（I have a car. ✓ /
I am having a car.）- have = 吃/喝/上課/玩 → 可以用進行式（I am having dinner. ✓ / She is having a great time.） 「擁有 have」是狀態，「吃飯／玩 have」是動作。
現在進行式即時練習（5 題）
1. Fill in: "Be quiet! The baby ______ (sleep)."
2. 改錯：I am understanding your point now.
3. Choose: "I ______ (have / am having) lunch with my boss right now." （用餐動作中）
4. 改錯：She is studing for her exam.（拼字錯誤）
5. Choose: "She ______ in Taipei this semester, but normally she ______ in Tainan." (A) is living / lives (B) lives / is living (C) is living / is living (D) lives / lives
寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：is sleeping ✅ 完整：The baby is sleeping. → 此刻正在睡 + Be quiet 的命令語境 → 現在進行式。 💎 baby 三單 → is + V-ing。
第 2 題：am understanding → understand ✅ 修正：I understand your point now. 解析：understand 是狀態動詞（理解），不用進行式！ 💎 注意：雖然有 "now"，但狀態動詞還是用簡單式——"I understand" 本身就表示「現在我理解」。
第 3 題：am having ✅ 完整：I am having lunch with my boss right now. 解析：have lunch = 「吃午餐」（動作）→ 可以用進行式。 💎 對比：「擁有」have（I have a car）不用進行式，但「吃／玩／上課」have 可以！
第 4 題：studing → studying ✅ 修正：She is studying for her exam. 解析：study 的 V-ing 是 studying（保留 y），不要去 y！ 💎 study 是「子音+y」結尾的動詞——只在過去式時 y 變 ied (studied)，進行式直接加 ing (studying)。
第 5 題：(A) is living / lives ✅ 完整：She is living in Taipei this semester, but normally she lives in Tainan. 解析：
- "this semester" = 暫時的狀態 → 現在進行式 (is living)。
- "normally" = 一般習慣 → 現在簡單式 (lives)。 💎 經典對比！「暫時 = 進行式，長期 = 簡單式」是英文時態的核心對比之一。
六、四大時態總決算
6-1 終極對照表（背下來，考試多 30 分）
| 時態 | 用法 | 肯定 | 否定 | 疑問 | 信號字 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 現在簡單 | 習慣/事實 | She plays tennis. | She doesn't play. | Does she play? | always, every day |
| 過去簡單 | 過去的事 | She played tennis. | She didn't play. | Did she play? | yesterday, last, ago |
| 未來簡單 | 未來的事 | She will play tennis. | She won't play. | Will she play? | tomorrow, next |
| 現在進行 | 正在做 | She is playing tennis. | She isn't playing. | Is she playing? | now, right now |
6-2 同一動詞的四面照
| # | 現在簡單 | 過去簡單 | 未來簡單 | 現在進行 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I eat rice. | I ate rice. | I will eat rice. | I am eating rice. |
| 2 | She goes to school. | She went to school. | She will go to school. | She is going to school. |
| 3 | They play soccer. | They played soccer. | They will play soccer. | They are playing soccer. |
| 4 | We study English. | We studied English. | We will study English. | We are studying English. |
| 5 | It rains a lot. | It rained a lot. | It will rain a lot. | It is raining now. |
七、考試陷阱大整理
學測時態考題的 5 大陷阱
陷阱 1：看到 now 不一定用進行式！
| 句子 | 解析 |
|---|---|
| I am eating now. ✓ | eat 是動作 → 進行式 |
| I am a student now. ✓ | be + 名詞 → 狀態 → 簡單式（不能說 I am being a student!） |
| I understand now. ✓ | understand 是狀態動詞 → 簡單式 |
🔑 **規則：「now」不是進行式的萬能信號——**還要看動詞是「動作」還是「狀態」。
陷阱 2：表未來的進行式
已安排的未來計畫，可以用現在進行式！
| 等同句 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| I am leaving tomorrow. | 我明天要離開（已安排） |
| = I will leave tomorrow. | 我明天會離開 |
| = I am going to leave tomorrow. | 我計畫明天離開 |
陷阱 3：頻率副詞位置
| 位置 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| be 動詞後面 | She is always late. ✓ |
| 一般動詞前面 | She always arrives late. ✓ |
| 助動詞和主動詞之間 | She has always loved music. ✓ |
陷阱 4：不規則動詞拼字
不要寫 buyed / catched / runned / goed——這些字不存在！正確：bought / caught / ran / went。
陷阱 5：don't / doesn't / didn't 後面永遠接原形動詞
❌ She doesn't likes pizza. ❌ He didn't went home. ❌ Do you likes coffee? ✅ She doesn't like, He didn't go, Do you like.
章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題
應試指引 30 題分三難度。建議計時：基礎 5 分 / 進階 10 分 / 挑戰 15 分。先做題再對答！
基礎題 (1-10)：填入正確的動詞形式
1. She ______ (go) to school by bus every day.
2. They ______ (play) soccer in the park yesterday.
3. Look! It ______ (rain) outside.
4. We ______ (visit) our grandparents next weekend.
5. He always ______ (wake) up at 6 AM.
6. She ______ (not / eat) breakfast this morning.
7. ______ you ______ (like) chocolate?
8. I ______ (be) born in 2010.
9. The baby ______ (cry) right now.
10. My father ______ (read) the newspaper every Sunday.
進階題 (11-20)
11. Fill in two verbs: "She usually ______ (wear) a uniform to school, but today she ______ (wear) a dress."
12. Fill in two verbs: "I ______ (see) a great movie last night. I think you ______ (love) it too."
13. Fill in dialogue: "What ______ you ______ (do)?" "I ______ (write) an email."
14. Fill in: "They ______ (not / come) to the party yesterday because they ______ (be) sick."
15. Choose: "Hurry up! The train ______ in 10 minutes."（火車時刻表） (A) leaves (B) is leaving (C) will leave (D) all of the above are acceptable
16. Fill in: "My sister ______ (study) in the library at the moment. She ______ (have) a big test tomorrow."
17. Fill in (carefully — 過去語境的「想」): "When I was young, I ______ (think) the moon ______ (follow) me."
18. Choose: "Please be quiet. The children ______ now." (A) sleep (B) sleeps (C) are sleeping (D) will sleep
19. Fill in: "She ______ (buy) a new phone two days ago."
20. Choose: "Tomorrow is my birthday. My mom ______ a big cake for me."（已計畫） (A) makes (B) made (C) is going to make (D) will be making
挑戰題 (21-30)：跨章節 + 易錯陷阱
21. Translate: 「我每天早上六點起床，但今天我睡到八點。」（用現在簡單 + 過去簡單）
22. Fill in 4 verbs: "She ______ (be) a good student. She always ______ (finish) her homework on time. Yesterday she ______ (complete) a big project. Right now she ______ (study) for the exam."
23. Find and fix the error: "She is knowing the answer."
24. Translate: 「他們上週去台北。他們下個月要去日本。」(用過去簡單 + 未來式)
25. Choose all correct sentences: (A) I am going to the gym every day. (B) I go to the gym every day. (C) I went to the gym tomorrow. (D) I will went to the gym next week.
26. Find all errors in this paragraph and fix them: "My family go to Japan last summer. We staying at a beautiful hotel near the beach. Every morning, we are eating breakfast at a small café. The food was delicious! Next year, we will visiting Korea."
27. Choose the best tense and explain: "My phone ______ (ring) constantly today. I think someone is trying to reach me." (A) rings (B) is ringing (C) rang (D) will ring
28. Translate three short sentences: (a) 我朋友現在在學中文。(progressive, temporary) (b) 我朋友每天學中文。(simple, habit) (c) 我朋友從去年開始學中文。(complete continuous - hint: she's still learning)
29. Identify the verb tense in each clause and explain why: "Although I usually drink tea in the morning, today I am drinking coffee because I went to bed late last night and need extra caffeine."
30. Terminal challenge—mixed tense paragraph: "Look at the kids! They ______ (play) so happily. Yesterday, they ______ (go) to the zoo and ______ (see) lots of animals. They probably ______ (visit) the museum next week. They ______ (be) such curious children."
章末總測驗 解答與詳解
基礎題 解答
第 1 題：goes every day → 現在簡單。She 三單 → goes（go + es，o 結尾加 es）。
第 2 題：played yesterday → 過去簡單。play 規則動詞 → played。
第 3 題：is raining Look! → 現在進行式信號。It 配 is → is raining。
第 4 題：will visit / are going to visit next weekend → 未來式。兩種都可以——will visit（一般未來）／are going to visit（已計畫）。
第 5 題：wakes always → 現在簡單式。He 三單 → wakes。
第 6 題：did not eat (didn't eat) this morning + 否定 → 過去否定。eat 是一般動詞 → did not + 原形 eat。
第 7 題：Do ... like 一般動詞疑問句。you 配 do → Do you like chocolate?
第 8 題：was in 2010 → 過去式。I 配 was。
第 9 題：is crying right now → 現在進行式。The baby 三單 (it) → is crying。
第 10 題：reads every Sunday → 現在簡單。My father 三單 → reads。
進階題 解答
第 11 題：wears / is wearing 解析：「usually」→ 現在簡單（wears，三單加 s）；「but today」→ 暫時的狀態 → 現在進行式（is wearing）。 💎 「習慣 vs. 臨時」對比——這是學測最愛的時態考題！
第 12 題：saw / will love 解析：last night → 過去式 saw（see → saw）。"think" 後面對未來的預測 → will love。
第 13 題：are ... doing / am writing 解析：問句和答句都用現在進行式（在做什麼／我正在寫）。
第 14 題：didn't come / were 解析：yesterday → 過去式。come 是一般動詞 → didn't come。they + be 過去式 → were。
第 15 題：(D) all of the above 解析：火車時刻表的未來，三種都可以：
- leaves（時刻表用現在簡單表未來，這是英文的特殊用法）
- is leaving（已安排好的未來）
- will leave（一般未來） 💎 公共交通時刻表用現在簡單式表未來——是英文的「冷知識」！
第 16 題：is studying / has 解析：at the moment → 現在進行式（is studying）。a big test tomorrow → 表「擁有」用 has（狀態動詞，不用進行式）。
第 17 題：thought / followed 解析：When I was young → 整句過去語境。think → thought（過去式）。follow → followed（小時候那個「跟」也是過去）。 💎 過去的事情，所有動詞都要過去式！
第 18 題：(C) are sleeping Please be quiet + now → 現在進行式。children 是複數 → are sleeping。
第 19 題：bought 解析：two days ago → 過去式。buy → bought（不規則）。
第 20 題：(C) is going to make 解析：「明天我生日，媽媽要做蛋糕」= 已經計畫好的事 → be going to 更自然。 💎 (D) will be making 是「未來進行式」——表示「明天的某個時刻正在做」，語意過於精確，這裡不適合。
挑戰題 解答
第 21 題：I wake up at 6 AM every day, but today I slept until 8. ✅ 解析：
- 「每天」→ 現在簡單式 (wake up)。
- 「今天」（已發生）→ 過去簡單式 (slept)。
- sleep until X = 睡到幾點。 💎 兩個時態並存，描述「常態 vs. 例外」。
第 22 題：is / finishes / completed / is studying ✅ 完整：She is a good student. She always finishes her homework on time. Yesterday she completed a big project. Right now she is studying for the exam. 解析：
- is（現在簡單，be + 名詞 = 狀態）
- finishes（always + 三單 → 現在簡單）
- completed（Yesterday → 過去式）
- is studying（Right now → 現在進行式） 💎 一段話包含 4 種時態——這就是真實英文文本的常態。
第 23 題：is knowing → knows ✅ 修正：She knows the answer. 解析：know 是狀態動詞——不用進行式！ 💎 "She knows" 本身就表示「她現在知道」，不需要進行式。
第 24 題：They went to Taipei last week. They are going to Japan next month. ✅ 解析：
- 「上週」→ 過去簡單式（went）。
- 「下個月」+ 已計畫的旅行 → be going to。
- 也可以說 They will go to Japan next month.（一般未來）。
第 25 題：(B) 唯一正確 (A) ❌ "am going to the gym every day" — every day = 習慣，用現在簡單，不用進行式。 (B) ✓ "I go to the gym every day." — 完美習慣表達。 (C) ❌ "went to the gym tomorrow" — went 是過去式，不能搭配未來時間 tomorrow。 (D) ❌ "will went" — will 後面要接原形 go，不能接 went。
第 26 題：4 個錯誤 原段：My family go to Japan last summer. We staying at a beautiful hotel near the beach. Every morning, we are eating breakfast at a small café. The food was delicious! Next year, we will visiting Korea.
✅ 修正：
- go → went（last summer = 過去式）
- staying → stayed（缺主動詞，過去式 stayed）
- are eating → ate（過去事件 + every morning 在過去語境中也用過去式）
- will visiting → will visit / are going to visit（will + 原形動詞）
完整正確版：My family went to Japan last summer. We stayed at a beautiful hotel near the beach. Every morning, we ate breakfast at a small café. The food was delicious! Next year, we will visit Korea.
第 27 題：(B) is ringing 解析：「constantly today」+「I think someone is trying」→ 暫時的、正在發生的狀態 → 現在進行式。 💎 ring 是動作動詞（不是狀態），可以用進行式。"is ringing constantly" = 一直在響。 ❌ (A) rings 表示永久習慣（電話每天響）；(C) rang 過去式不符；(D) will ring 是未來。
第 28 題： (a) My friend is learning Chinese now.（暫時 → 進行式） (b) My friend learns Chinese every day.（習慣 → 簡單式） (c) My friend has been learning Chinese since last year.（從過去持續到現在 → 現在完成進行式） 💎 (c) 涉及完成進行式，會在 19 進階時式 詳解。
第 29 題：時態分析 句子：Although I usually drink tea in the morning, today I am drinking coffee because I went to bed late last night and need extra caffeine.
動詞 時態 原因 usually drink 現在簡單 usually = 習慣 am drinking 現在進行 today（暫時的） went 過去簡單 last night = 過去 need 現在簡單 此刻的狀態（need 是狀態動詞，不用進行式） 💎 一個句子用 3 種時態——這就是英文寫作的真實樣貌。
第 30 題：are playing / went / saw / will visit (or: are going to visit) / are ✅ 完整：Look at the kids! They are playing so happily. Yesterday, they went to the zoo and saw lots of animals. They probably will visit / are going to visit the museum next week. They are such curious children. 解析：
- are playing → Look at... + 此刻 → 現在進行式
- went → Yesterday → 過去式（不規則）
- saw → Yesterday 同句 → 過去式（不規則）
- will visit → next week → 未來式
- are → 描述常態（curious children）→ 現在簡單式（be 動詞）
課前快問 解答
1. "I ____ (go) to school every day." → go（每天 → 現在簡單，I 是第一人稱不加 s）。
2. "She ____ (watch) TV now." → is watching（now → 現在進行式）。
3. "I will call you" vs. "I am going to call you" 差異？
- I will call you：較像臨時決定或一般承諾（剛剛想到要打）。
- I am going to call you：強調早就計畫好（事先就打算要打）。
例：朋友抱怨他孤單→「I will call you tomorrow!」（你當下決定）vs. 你和朋友約好下週通話→「I'm going to call you next Monday.」（早就安排好）。
自我評分
| 分數（30 題） | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 🏆 威威等級 | 四大時態全內化！進入 04 介系詞。 |
| 22-26 | 🥈 穩健等級 | 加強不規則動詞、will vs. be going to、狀態動詞陷阱。 |
| 16-21 | 🥉 加油等級 | 把「四大時態總決算表」(6-1) 默寫熟，每天練 5 句。 |
| 0-15 | 💪 再出發 | 不規則動詞表 (3-5 節) 每天背 10 個，一週後再考。 |
複習計畫
時間 內容 方式 今天 全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗 一遍 第 3 天 不規則動詞默寫 + 重做錯題 主動回憶 第 7 天 拿一篇英文短文，圈出每個動詞並說明時態 實戰 第 14 天 寫一段 100 字「我的一天」，至少用 3 種時態 寫作 考試前 重看「5 大陷阱」 + 不規則動詞 ABC 型 焦點複習
學習科學小知識：分散練習 (Distributed Practice)
同樣總時數，「每天 30 分鐘 × 7 天」的學習效果，遠大於「一次狂讀 3.5 小時」。這叫 「分散練習效應」。
為什麼？每次學習後，記憶會「先變弱再變強」——間隔讓你的大腦有時間「鞏固」（consolidation）。集中學習是「短暫塞滿」，分散學習是「長期內建」。
應用到不規則動詞：
- ❌ 一次背 50 個——3 天後忘 70%。
- ✅ 每天背 5–10 個 + 隔天複習 → 1 個月後仍記得 90%。
這就是為什麼威威老師的複習計畫不是「天天讀」，而是「今天 → 3 天 → 7 天 → 14 天」——每次間隔都讓你快忘記但還沒忘，這時候複習效果最強。
