看 NBA 學英文：球評教你的連接詞與介系詞
第四節，剩下 30 秒。比數 108 比 106，落後兩分。
LeBron James 在三分線外接到球。防守球員貼上來。他做了一個假動作，往右邊切入，在罰球線附近急停——出手。
球在空中劃出一道弧線。
"LeBron pulls up from the free-throw line — although he's been struggling from mid-range tonight, despite the pressure from the defense, he knocks it down!"
唰。108 比 108。
你有沒有注意到，剛才那段球評裡藏了一堆連接詞和介系詞？
看 NBA 不只是看比賽。如果你仔細聽英文球評，你會發現他們用的句型結構剛好就是學測和多益最愛考的文法。今天我帶你從一場假想的 NBA 比賽裡，拆解連接詞和介系詞兩大文法重點。
先泡杯咖啡，比賽要開始了。
第一節：連接詞——球評的敘事骨架
球評的工作是什麼？把一連串的動作串成一個有邏輯的故事。而連接詞就是他們的工具。
1. although / though / even though — 雖然
"Although Curry missed his first three shots, he finished the game with 35 points."
although 引導讓步子句——「事實跟你預期的相反」。Curry 開局不順，但最後拿了 35 分。這個轉折讓故事更精彩。
文法重點： although / though / even though 後面接一個完整的子句（有主詞有動詞）。不能跟 but 連用。
❌ Although he was tired, but he kept playing. ✅ Although he was tired, he kept playing. ✅ He was tired, but he kept playing.
球評造句：
Even though the Lakers were down by 20 points, they mounted a historic comeback.
2. despite / in spite of — 儘管
"Despite being double-teamed all night, Jokić still recorded a triple-double."
despite 後面接名詞或 V-ing，不接子句。這是很多人搞混的地方。
❌ Despite he was injured, he played. ✅ Despite being injured, he played. ✅ Despite his injury, he played.
文法重點： despite = in spite of，後面接名詞/V-ing。although 後面接子句。
球評造句：
In spite of the hostile crowd, the visiting team held their composure.
3. however — 然而
"The Celtics dominated the first half. However, the Heat came back strong in the third quarter."
however 用來連接兩個完整的句子，表達轉折。前面句號，後面 however 加逗號。
文法重點： however 是副詞，不是連接詞。所以它不能像 but 一樣直接連兩個子句——中間要有句號或分號。
❌ The Celtics dominated, however the Heat came back. ✅ The Celtics dominated**; however,** the Heat came back. ✅ The Celtics dominated**. However,** the Heat came back.
球評造句：
The Thunder led by 15 at halftime**; however,** the Nuggets stormed back in the second half.
4. because / since / as — 因為
"Durant scored 40 points because his mid-range game was unstoppable tonight."
because 表達原因，是最直接的連接詞。since 和 as 也可以表原因，但語氣比較「既然你已經知道了」。
文法重點： because...so... 不能連用！跟 although...but... 一樣，二擇一。
❌ Because he was fast, so he scored easily. ✅ Because he was fast, he scored easily. ✅ He was fast, so he scored easily.
球評造句：
Since Embiid was dominating the paint, the opposing team had to adjust their defense.
5. when / while / as — 當...的時候
"When the buzzer sounded, the arena erupted in cheers." "While the starters rested, the bench players kept the team in the game." "As the clock wound down, Tatum drove to the basket."
這三個都有「當...的時候」的意思，但有微妙差異：
- when： 最廣泛，任何「在那個時候」都行。
- while： 強調同時進行的兩件事。通常兩個子句都用進行式。
- as： 強調同步，像「隨著...」。
球評造句：
While Giannis was shooting free throws, the crowd chanted "MVP." As the season progressed, the young players gained more confidence.
6. after / before — 在...之後 / 在...之前
"After losing three straight games, the team held a players-only meeting." "Before signing with the Lakers, he played college basketball at Duke."
文法重點： after/before 後面接 V-ing 或子句。
✅ After the game, the coach gave a speech. ✅ After the game ended, the coach gave a speech. ✅ After ending the game, the coach gave a speech.（這句有點奇怪但文法對）
最自然的寫法是「after + 名詞」或「after + 子句」。
7. so...that / such...that — 如此...以致於
"The defense was so aggressive that they forced 20 turnovers." "It was such a dominant performance that the opposing coach called three timeouts in the first quarter."
文法重點：
- so + 形容詞/副詞 + that...
- such + 名詞片語 + that...
球評造句：
Curry's three-point shooting was so accurate that defenders started guarding him at half court.
8. not only...but also — 不只...而且
"Not only did he score 30 points, but he also dished out 12 assists."
文法重點： not only 放句首時，後面的子句要倒裝（助動詞提前）。
✅ Not only did he score 30 points, but he also had 12 assists. ❌ Not only he scored 30 points...（錯！要倒裝）
球評造句：
Not only is he an elite scorer, but he is also one of the best defenders in the league.
第二節：介系詞——球場上的方位大師
介系詞是英文裡最「不可翻譯」的詞類。你不能用中文邏輯去推——每個搭配都要記。但 NBA 球評可以幫你建立畫面感，讓你更容易記住。
位置介系詞：球在哪裡？
"He's standing at the three-point line." （他站在三分線上。）—— at = 在一個精確的點
"The big man is posting up in the paint." （那個大個子在禁區要位。）—— in = 在一個區域的內部
"The ball is under the basket." （球在籃框下方。）—— under = 垂直下方
"He shoots from downtown!" （他從遠處出手！）—— from = 從某個起點
"The defender is right in front of him." （防守者就在他正前方。）—— in front of = 在前方
"He passed the ball over the defender's head." （他把球從防守者頭上傳過去。）—— over = 越過上方
"The ball went through the net." （球穿過了籃網。）—— through = 穿過一個空間
畫面記憶法： 你在腦海裡想像一張球場俯瞰圖。三分線外 → at the three-point line。禁區裡面 → in the paint。籃框下方 → under the basket。把介系詞和位置畫面綁在一起。
動作介系詞：球怎麼移動？
"He drives to the basket." （他往籃框切入。）—— to = 朝向目標
"He shot the ball into the basket." （他把球投進籃框。）—— into = 從外面進入裡面
"He dribbles past the defender." （他運球過掉防守者。）—— past = 越過、經過
"He passed the ball across the court." （他把球傳過半場。）—— across = 橫穿一個平面
"He jumped off his left foot." （他用左腳起跳。）—— off = 從一個表面離開
"He landed on both feet." （他雙腳落地。）—— on = 在一個表面上
時間介系詞：什麼時候？
"The game starts at 7:30 PM." （比賽在晚上 7:30 開始。）—— at + 精確時間
"The Finals are in June." （總決賽在六月。）—— in + 月份/年份/季節
"He was injured on Monday." （他週一受傷了。）—— on + 星期/日期
"He scored 50 points in the game." （他在這場比賽得了 50 分。）—— in + 某段時間範圍內
"He scored 50 points during the game." （他在比賽期間得了 50 分。）—— during = 在...的期間
學測最愛考的時間介系詞陷阱：
- in the morning / at night（不規則！night 用 at）
- on the morning of June 1st（特指某天的早上用 on）
- at the age of 18（在...歲時用 at）
第三節：球評實戰——完整段落拆解
讓我翻譯一段完整的 NBA 球評，你看裡面藏了多少連接詞和介系詞：
英文原文： "With only 24 seconds left in the game, the Warriors trailed by one. Although Curry had been quiet in the second half, the ball found its way to his hands. He dribbled past the first defender at the top of the key, pulled up from just inside the three-point line, and released the ball with perfect form. Despite the outstretched arms of the opposing center, the ball sailed through the air and swished through the net. The crowd erupted. Not only did Curry hit the game-winner, but he also reminded everyone why he is considered the greatest shooter of all time."
連接詞拆解：
| 連接詞 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| Although... | 讓步（雖然他沉寂了...） |
| Despite... | 讓步（儘管對手伸手...） |
| Not only...but also... | 遞進（不只...而且...） |
介系詞拆解：
| 介系詞 | 搭配 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| in | in the game | 在比賽中 |
| in | in the second half | 在下半場 |
| to | to his hands | 到他手中 |
| past | past the first defender | 過掉第一個防守者 |
| at | at the top of the key | 在罰球圈頂部 |
| from | from just inside the three-point line | 從三分線內一步 |
| with | with perfect form | 以完美的姿勢 |
| of | of the opposing center | 對方中鋒的 |
| through | through the air | 穿過空氣 |
| through | through the net | 穿過籃網 |
| of | of all time | 史上 |
一段話，11 個介系詞、3 個連接詞。這就是為什麼我說看球評學英文真的有用。
✏️ 練習：翻譯中文球評成英文
試著把下面 5 句中文 NBA 球評翻譯成英文。注意連接詞和介系詞的使用。
1. 雖然他在上半場只得 5 分，但他在下半場爆發拿了 30 分。
2. 儘管有三個人包夾他，他還是把球投進了。
3. 當哨聲響起時，全場觀眾都站了起來。
4. 他在三分線外接到球，然後從罰球線附近急停跳投。
5. 他不只是聯盟最好的得分手，他也是最好的防守者之一。
參考答案
1. Although he scored only 5 points in the first half, he exploded for 30 points in the second half.
重點：although 引導讓步子句；in + 時間段；for 表「得到多少分」。
2. Despite being double- (or triple-) teamed, he still made the shot.
重點：despite + V-ing；being 是 be 的動名詞。
3. When the buzzer sounded, the entire crowd rose to their feet.
重點：when 引導時間子句；to their feet 是「站起來」的固定搭配。
4. He received the ball at the three-point line, then pulled up from near the free-throw line for a jump shot.
重點：at + 精確位置；from + 起點；for 表目的。
5. He is not only the best scorer in the league, but he is also one of the best defenders.
重點：not only...but also...；in the league（在聯盟中）。
總結：看球賽就是上英文課
你下次看 NBA 的時候，注意聽球評怎麼用英文。他們會幫你複習：
- 連接詞： although, despite, however, because, when, while, not only...but also
- 位置介系詞： at, in, on, under, over, through, from, past
- 時間介系詞： at, in, on, during
這些都是學測和多益的核心考點。你在考場上看到這些詞的時候，腦海裡浮現的不是文法規則，而是 LeBron 在最後一秒出手的畫面。
這就是用情境記憶學文法——比死背規則有效十倍。
最後送你一句球評界的名言：
"You miss 100% of the shots you don't take." — Wayne Gretzky（也被 Michael Scott 說過 😂）
這句話不只適用於籃球，也適用於學英文。你不敢開口講英文、不敢動手寫英文句子——你就永遠學不會。
所以，take the shot 🏀
